Happy corner, also known as aluba (simplified Chinese: 阿鲁巴; traditional Chinese: 阿魯巴; pinyin: ālǔbā), is a form of prank, game, or bullying that primarily occurs in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, generally among male students, in which the victim is lifted up by several perpetrators who subsequently bump his groin against a pole-shaped object.[1]: 14–15
Prevalence and effects
editIn a 2004 survey of students from 8 universities by Hong Kong's U-Beat Magazine, 46% of the students surveyed have subjected someone else to happy corner, of whom 98% are males. 58% of male students reported having subjected someone else to happy corner, and one in ten respondents reported suffering injury as a result of happy corner.[2] Nine in ten respondents who had engaged in happy corner reported experiencing greater affinity with both the person subjected to happy corner and other participants afterwards.[2]
Injuries and incidents
editIn 2007 a Taiwanese middle school student suffered injuries after being subjected to aluba by four classmates. According to TVBS, this was first incident in which aluba led to a civil suit in Taiwan.[3]
In 2009, a Taiwanese middle school student suffered injuries that required surgery after being subjected to aluba. The matter was settled out of court for NT$500,000.[4]
CUHK Medical Centre urologist Chen Longwei indicates that happy corner carries a risk of injuries to the genitals. Chen points out that men may receive injuries to the penile tunica albuginea or suffer a bent penis, while women may receive injuries to the vulva, vagina, urethra, or hymen.[2]
Motives
editRough play and homosocial interactions
editA 2017 research paper that interviewed 45 Taiwanese men found that common motives for engaging in aluba include celebrating special occasions, punishing other students, and resolving disputes.[1]: 17 The researchers indicate that aluba often occurs without regard to disparities in power or popularity[1]: 29 and, in spite of the apparent violation of the target's autonomy, generally occurs between close friends and with implicit consent.[1]: 26
Summarizing previous research, Li Peiwen notes that aluba allows school-aged boys to build intimacy with each other in a societal context in which gentler forms of physical affection may be perceived as indicators of homosexuality or effeminacy.[5]: 235
Bullying and hazing
editIn their 2017 paper, Bih Herng-dar, Huang Haitao, Hung Wen-lung, and Pan Bo-han dispute scholarly works and legislative efforts that have categorized aluba as a form of bullying.[1]: 33–34 In a 2011 research paper, Bih and Huang also dispute the claim that aluba is a form of hazing, noting that in contrast to secretive initiation rituals, the practice generally occurs in the open.[6]: 151–152
Nevertheless, Bih and Huang link aluba to "ritualistic games of initiation" involving vulnerability, noting that it involves a symbolic attack on the male genitals. The game serves to test the risk-taking ability of the person subjected to aluba as well as his trust in those conducting aluba, and also serves to separate those who belong in a peer group from those to be excluded.[6]: 155
Reinforcement of gender roles
editBih Herng-dar and Huang Haitao note that aluba is an overwhelmingly male activity, and that the activity reinforces and confirms the masculinity of the participants. They cite one interviewee who indicated that aluba is more appropriate for boys as a celebratory activity in contrast to more "girlish" activities like cutting birthday cakes, and also note that the protestations of the person subjected to aluba serves as a "symbolic verification" that he has a penis.[6]: 153 Bih and Huang indicate that both female students and gay men often perceive aluba as an immature activity.[6]: 153–154
Responses
editTaiwan's Ministry of National Defense and Ministry of Education issued directives forbidding the practice in 2004.[1]: 3
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Bih, Herng-dar; Huang, Haitao; Hung, Wen-lung; Pan, Bo-han. "Aluba as a Form of Male Youth "High" Culture in Play" (PDF). Taiwanese Sociology. 34. doi:10.6676/TS.201712_(34).0002 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ a b c "大學迎新出軌玩Con撞下體". 20 November 2004.
- ^ Liu, Songlin (4 December 2007). "玩阿魯巴下體瘀血 4學生挨告". TVBS.
- ^ Junyan, Jiang (18 July 2009). "阿魯巴過頭 撞破同學下體賠50萬". TVBS. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Peiwen, Li (June 2021). "「男人是這樣煉成的」： 各生命階段直男同性友誼中的 男子氣概建構初探" (PDF). 中華傳播學刊. 39: 231–268. doi:10.3966/172635812021060039008.
- ^ a b c d Bih, Herng-Dar; Huang, Haitao (23 November 2011). "Aluba and 'high' culture: adolescent male peer culture in p" (PDF). Gender and Education. 24 (2): 147–158. doi:10.1080/09540253.2011.602330. S2CID 55895188.