Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education
The Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency (Indonesian: Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan, lit. 'Institute of Education Fund Management', abbreviated as LPDP) is a public service agency of the Ministry of Finance of Indonesia mandated with managing the state's education endowment fund. Investment in the fund partially fulfills a clause in the Constitution of Indonesia stipulating that the government spend at least 20 percent of the state budget on education.
| Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan | |
 LPDP official logo | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 28 December 2011 |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Indonesia |
| Headquarters | Jakarta, Indonesia 6°11′36.59″S 106°50′21.51″E / 6.1934972°S 106.8393083°E |
| Agency executive |
|
| Parent department | Ministry of Finance |
| Website | lpdp |
Mandate
editManagement of Indonesia's National Education Development Fund (Dana Pembangunan Pendidikan Nasional) is the mandate of the LPDP. The Constitution of Indonesia stipulates that the government must allocate at least 20 percent of the state budget toward education. Investment in the fund forms a part of the government's education budget.[1]
It provides financial support to Indonesian citizens to pursue higher education at top universities around the world.[2] LPDP provides full scholarships for postgraduate study, including tuition and living expenses, as well as partial scholarships.[3][4] The program aims to build Indonesia’s human resources and develop the country’s economy by investing in highly educated individuals. It seeks to empower young Indonesians to become global citizens and contribute to their nation’s progress.[5]
History
editIndonesia's constitutional requirement for the government to spend at least 20 percent of the state budget on education was introduced by amendment in 2002. Public school teacher salaries, which are paid by the government, are excluded from this figure, further pressuring the government to increase discretionary spending on education.[6] In 2005, the government introduced a provision in the national education law that would allow it to meet the requirement incrementally.[7] Following lawsuits brought by a collection of parents, teachers, and students,[8] the Constitutional Court ruled this provision violated the spending requirement clause,[7] though it did not compel the government to revise its budget. The requirement was finally met in 2009.[8]
The creation of the LPDP traces its origin to a 2010 decree by finance minister Agus Martowardojo directing the creation of an organization to manage an endowment fund that would ensure the continuity of the Indonesia's education programs. Until such an organization was created, the fund would be managed by the Government Investment Unit (Pusat Investasi Pemerintahan, or PIP). The LPDP was established the following year in a finance ministry regulation that also named the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Education and Culture, and the Minister of Religious Affairs to the agency's board of trustees. In 2012, management of the endowment fund was transferred from the PIP to the LPDP.[9]
Scholarship programs
editIn 2022, LPDP has four main scholarship programs: the Targeted Scholarship Program, the Affirmative Scholarship Program, the General Scholarship Program, and the Collaborative Scholarship Program.[2][10]
In 2017, the LPDP awarded a total of 16,000 recipients, including 1,500 alumni and 10,000 ongoing students.[11] A news release on Kompas in 2022 reported that LPDP had awarded more than 27,000 Indonesians, including more than 13,000 alumni.[12] The awardees have a service contract obligation to work consecutively for twice the study period plus one year in Indonesia. In 2023, out of 35,536 awardees, there are 413 awardees who did not return to Indonesia; these awardees will receive sanctions in the form of refund of LPDP funds, blocking from future LPDP programmes, and publication on the official LPDP channel.[13]
Notable alumni
editThe following list is a selection of LPDP recipients:
- Belva Devara, Harvard graduated and founder of Ruangguru[14][15]
- Simon Tabuni, Ambassador of the Ministry of Agriculture, CEO and Owner Anggi Mart Manokwari, Papua[14][16]
- Risa Santoso, Harvard graduated and Rector of Institut Teknologi & Bisnis ASIA[17]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Kim 2020, p. 657.
- ^ a b "LPDP - Overview". lpdp.kemenkeu.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ "Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan | LPDP (Indonesia) | Scholarship finder | University of Twente". Universiteit Twente. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ "LPDP Scholarships". ANU College of Science. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ Rachman 2023, p. 1.
- ^ World Bank 2007, p. 37.
- ^ a b Hendrianto 2018.
- ^ a b Hendrianto 2023.
- ^ Rachman 2023, p. 8.
- ^ developer, medcom id (2022-07-05). "Kenali Jenis-jenis Beasiswa LPDP". medcom.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ "Government allocates Rp 22.5t for scholarships". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2021-10-21). "27.997 Orang Telah Terima Beasiswa LPDP Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ Kasih, Ayunda Pininta (23 February 2023). "Ratusan Awardee LPDP Tidak Kembali, Staf Khusus Presiden: Kacang Lupa Kulitnya Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Featured Alumni". lpdp.kemenkeu.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ "Adamas Belva Syah Devara MPA 2016 has spurred educational technology in Southeast Asia". www.hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ Muhtarom, Iqbal (28 June 2021). "Raih Beasiswa LPDP, Simon Tabuni Anak Muda asal Papua Kuliah di SOAS London". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ Awlia, Tasya. "Rektor Termuda di Indonesia, dari Risa Santoso hingga Anies Baswedan". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
Bibliography
edit- Hendrianto, Stefanus (2018). Law and Politics of Constitutional Courts: Indonesia and the Search for Judicial Heroes. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315100043. ISBN 978-1-138-29642-8.
- Hendrianto, Stefanus (2023). "The Indonesian Constitutional Court and Informal Constitutional Change". In Crouch, Melissa (ed.). Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-287068-1.
- Kim, Kyunghoon (2020). "The state as a patient capitalist: growth and transformation of Indonesia's development financiers". The Pacific Review. 33 (3–4): 635–668. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1573266. ISSN 0951-2748. S2CID 159449052.
- Rachman, M. Aulia (January 2023). "Scholarship for catching up? The Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) scholarship program as a pillar of economic development policy". International Journal of Educational Development. 96 (102701): 102701. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102701. ISSN 0738-0593. S2CID 253431099.
- Spending for Development: Making the Most of Indonesia's New Opportunities, Indonesia Public Expenditure Review 2007 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: World Bank. 2007. hdl:10986/7816.
Ordinances
edit- Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan [Organization and Governance of the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education] (Regulation of the Minister of Finance 252) (in Indonesian). Ministry of Finance. 2011.
- Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan [Organization and Governance of the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education] (PDF) (Regulation of the Minister of Finance 143) (in Indonesian). Ministry of Finance. 2016.
- Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan [Organization and Governance of the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education] (PDF) (Regulation of the Minister of Finance 47) (in Indonesian). Ministry of Finance. 2020.