The jet erosion test (JET), or jet index test, is a method used in geotechnical engineering to quantify the resistance of a soil to erosion. The test can be applied in-situ after preparing a field site, or it can be applied in a laboratory on either an intact or a remolded soil sample. A quantitative measure of erodibility allows for the prediction of erosion, assisting with the design of structures such as vegetated channels, road embankments, dams, levees, and spillways.[1]
Procedure
editThe test consists of mounting a jet tube inside of an enclosed cylinder and releasing a turbulent downpour of water onto a soil specimen at a constant hydraulic head. If the shear stress applied by the jet stream exceeds the critical shear stress for erosion of the soil, the jet will erode soil particles, causing a scour hole to form. The depth of the scour hole is then measured at specified time intervals.
Fitting the measured erosion rate (Er) to the following equation allows the estimation of the erodibility of the soil (kd) and the critical shear stress (τc), provided that the applied shear stress (τ) is estimated precisely:[2]
As of 2017, there is no universally accepted methodology to determine the erodibility of a soil.[3] While the jet erosion test provides one estimate for the erodibility, the underlying assumptions of the test have been criticized for various reasons.[3][4] Other erosion testing methods may produce values for erodibility and critical shear stress inconsistent with this method.[1][3] Additionally, depending on the method used to fit the results to the above equation, the predicted values of kd for a given τc can be up to 100 times smaller or larger due to predictive uncertainty.[3]
The jet erosion index
editOne of the results of the test is the jet erosion index (Ji), which can be correlated with the soil erodibility. Typically, the jet erosion index ranges from 0 to 0.03.[1]
| Erosion resistance | Jet erosion index (Ji) |
| High | ≤ 0.001 |
| Medium | ~0.01 |
| Low | ≥ 0.02 |
Related tests
edit- Hole erosion test (HET)
- Contact erosion test (CET)
References
edit- ^ a b c ASTM D5852-00.
- ^ Hanson, G J; Cook, K (2004). "Apparatus, test procedures, and analytical methods to measure soil erodibility in-situ". Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 20 (4): 455–462. doi:10.13031/2013.16492 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b c d Karamigolbaghi, Maliheh; Ghaneeizad, Seyed Mohammad; Atkinson, Joseph F.; Bennett, Sean J.; Wells, Robert R. (2017-10-15). "Critical assessment of jet erosion test methodologies for cohesive soil and sediment". Geomorphology. 295: 529–536. Bibcode:2017Geomo.295..529K. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.005. ISSN 0169-555X.
- ^ Ghaneeizad, Seyed Mohammad; Atkinson, Joseph F.; Bennett, Sean J. (2015-02-01). "Effect of flow confinement on the hydrodynamics of circular impinging jets: implications for erosion assessment". Environmental Fluid Mechanics. 15 (1): 1–25. Bibcode:2015EFM....15....1G. doi:10.1007/s10652-014-9354-3. ISSN 1573-1510.