Junia Silana (died 59 C.E.) was a Roman patrician. She was the sister of Junia Claudilla, the first wife of Caligula, before he became emperor. Silana was a prominent figure in the power struggles that transpired in the reign of three different emperors.[1] She was also noted for her close relationship with Julia Agrippina.[1]
Junia Silana | |
|---|---|
| Died | 59 C.E. |
| Other names | Junia Silana Torquata |
| Known for | sister of Junia Claudilla |
| Spouse | Gaius Silius |
| Parent | Marcus Junius Silanus |
| Family | Junii Silani |
Biography
editEarly life and marriage
edit
Silana was one of the daughters of the famous orator and consul suffectus, Marcus Junius Silanus, who became the father-in-law of Caligula after the latter married Silana's sister, Junia Claudilla, in 30 or 31 C.E.[1] There are no sources detailing Silana's early life since the earliest records mentioned her name when she was already an adult and married to Gaius Silius.[2] After Claudilla died of childbirth, Caligula forced Silana's father to commit suicide in 38 C.E.[1]
Silana first made an appearance in historical records during a court intrigue involving Messalina.[3] Her husband Silius - considered one of the most handsome men in Rome[1] - divorced her at the instigation of Messalina.[4] According to Tacitus, Silius was compelled to do so for fear of certain death if he refused.[5] A year later,[6] Silius and Messalina, who was noted for her adulterous affairs, were married even though the latter was still legally married to Emperor Claudius.[7] The pair was executed after the freedman Narcissus informed the emperor, who was at Ostia, of their lavish wedding and the plot to assassinate him.[8]
Relationship with Agrippina
editHistory next knew of Silana, when she became close to Agrippina. Her high station at the imperial court and Agrippina's animosity with Messalina cemented this friendship.[9] She was cited as one of the few personages who maintained contact with Agrippina as her son Emperor Nero sought to diminish her influence.[10] She was identified as one of the few friends who supported Agrippina during the latter's political isolation.[11] The relationship, however, soured when Agrippina interfered after Silana, who was already old at this point, announced an impending marriage with the young Roman aristocrat, Sentius Africanus.[9] It is said that Agrippina blocked the marriage to prevent the young noble from inheriting Silana's immense wealth.[12]
Silana and Agrippina became bitter enemies. Their conflict culminated in an intrigue that involved a false plot to assassinate Nero. After the death of Britannicus, Agrippina began losing her influence in the imperial court.[13] Silana chose this opportunity to sow intrigue. She employed two of her agents, Iturius and Calvisius, to relay the allegation that Agrippina was behind the plot to kill her son. When presented with the accusation, however, Agrippina successfully dispelled the charges.[14] Silana was exiled at Tarentum in 55 C.E.[1] An account cited that she was recalled back to Rome in 59 C.E. after the murder of Agrippina.[15][16] Silana died during the journey.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2008). A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-0794-3.
- ^ Syme, Ronald (1989). The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 175. ISBN 0-19-814731-7.
- ^ Syme, Ronald (1989). The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 175. ISBN 0-19-814731-7.
- ^ Tacitus, Cornelius; Murphy, Arthur (1830). The Works of Cornelius Tacitus: With an Essay on His Life and Genius, Notes, Supplements, & C. London: Jones & Company. p. 729.
- ^ Tacitus, Cornelius (1909). The Annals of Tacitus ...: Books XI-XVI. Translated by Ramsay, George Gilbert. London: J. Murray. p. 16.
- ^ Tacitus. Annals. p. Book XI.XXVI.
- ^ Chrystal, Paul (2018). Emperors of Rome: The Monsters: From Tiberius to Theodora, AD 14–548. South Yorkshire, UK: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-5267-2886-9.
- ^ Chrystal, Paul (2018-11-30). Emperors of Rome: The Monsters: From Tiberius to Theodora, AD 14–548. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-5267-2886-9.
- ^ a b Baring-Gould, Sabine (892). The Tragedy of the Caesars: A Study of the Characters of the Caesars of the Julian and Claudian Houses. London: Methuen and Co. p. 173.
- ^ Barrett, Anthony A. (1996). Agrippina: Mother of Nero. London: Routledge. p. 206. ISBN 0-7134-6854-8.
- ^ Freisenbruch, Annelise (2011). Caesars' Wives: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Roman Empire. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4165-8303-5.
- ^ Bartsch, Shadi; Freudenburg, Kirk; Littlewood, Cedric (2017). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-107-05220-8.
- ^ Ginsburg, Judith (2006). Representing Agrippina: Constructions of Female Power in the Early Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-19-518141-8.
- ^ Bédoyère, Guy De la (2018). Domina. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-300-23030-7.
- ^ a b Syme, Ronald (1989). The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-19-814731-7.
- ^ Shotter, David (2014). Nero Caesar Augustus: Emperor of Rome. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-86590-2.