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Maarten Buysman

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Maarten Buysman, also spelt Buijsman (1856 –1919), was a Dutch botanist, known for growing, cultivating, and selling plants from across Europe, the Americas, and Indonesia.[1][2] He also introduced a significant number of plants from the Americas and Europe to East Java.

Maarten Buysman
Born(1856-01-00)January , 1856
Zaandam, Netherlands
DiedJune 1919 (aged 62–63)
Lawang, Malang, Dutch East Indies
Scientific career
FieldsBotany
The gardens at Hotel Nongkodjadjar, 1910, where Buysman worked. KITLV 1404270
Preserved specimen of Acacia implexa Benth. (Black Wattle), from the National Herbarium of New South Wales. It was cultivated by Maarten Buysman in Indonesia.

Botanical career

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Buysman founded a botanical garden in the Dutch city of Middelburg, called the Hortus Plantarum Diaphoricarum or, in English, the Garden of Diverse Plants.[3] This garden was run as a business, rather than as a tourist attraction. Buysman cultivated and sold plant specimens grown in the garden, under the title Herbarium Analyticum.[3] To acquire plants which he then cultivated and went on to sell, Buysman relied on an international network of collectors from whom he received plant material from around the globe.[4][5]

In 1906-1907, Buysman moved to the colonial Dutch East Indies, where he was employed at the Hotel Nongkodjadjar in the Pasuruan Regency.[4] There, he set up an experimental garden, and continued to cultivate plants he received from foreign collectors.[3] According to the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction, Buysman focused on growing plants at Nongkodjadjar that were hitherto unknown to the region,[6] and appears to have been the source of some foreign species introduced to Indonesia, such as Cecropia pachystachya, Salvia tiliifolia, Cenchrus tribuloides, Elymus repens, Bromus sterilis, and Bromus erectus, although not all of these species have persisted.[4][3][7][8][9] Backer also ascribed the presence of non-native plants when he visited Nongkodjadjar in 1925, such as Salvia tiliifolia, Calyptocarpus vialis, Melampodium perfoliatum, and Marsypianthes chamaedrys to Buysman's acclimation activities.[3] He continued to exchange seed with other collectors, as well as selling plants to overseas buyers.[10] He issued at least one catalogue of the plants available from the Nongkodjadjar garden in 1916.[11][12]

Although Buysman never named any plant species himself, he collected the holotypes of Crepidium tenggerense (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones,[13] Hoya tenggerensis Bakh.f.,[14][15] Pogostemon hortensis Backer ex Adelb.,[16][17] and Pseudophegopteris tenggerensis Holttum,[18][19]

While nothing remains of the nursery in Nongkojajar today,[20][4][1] botanical specimens collected and distributed by Buysman are held in herbaria across the globe, including the National Herbarium of Victoria,[21][5] the National Herbarium of New South Wales,[21] the Herbarium of the University of Coimbra,[22] Harvard University Herbaria,[23] Brown University herbarium,[24] the Natural History Museum, London,[25] and the herbarium at Kew Gardens.[26]

Etymological legacy

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Along with better-known botanical interests, he observed[27] and collected insects, particularly wasps, around Lawang.[28][29] Evelyn Cheesman examined a parasitic wasp collected by Buysman, and named the genus Buysmania in his honour.[30]

Publications

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References

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  1. ^ a b M.J. van Steenis Kruseman (2021). "Buysman, Maarten". Cyclopaedia of Malesian Collectors. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  2. ^ van Steenis-Kruseman, M.J.; van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1950). "Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a Cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950". Flora Malesiana. 1 (1): 97.
  3. ^ a b c d e Backer, Cornelis Andries (1928). "Verwilderingscentra op Java van uitheemsche planten". De Tropische Natuur. 1: 58.
  4. ^ a b c d Conn, Barry (2012). "The status of Cecropia (Urticaceae) introductions in Malesia: addressing the confusion". Blumea. 57 (2): 140. doi:10.3767/000651912X657567.
  5. ^ a b Le Get, Rebecca; Macheda, Rita; Pacitti, Eugenia; Vaughan, Luke (September 2021). "An update on the Foreign Collection Project at MEL" (PDF). Australasian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter (188): 45–49. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  6. ^ Fairchild, David (1922). "Inventory of seeds and plants imported by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction during the period from January 1 to March 31, 1918 (No. 54; Nos. 45705 to 45971)" (PDF). Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction During the Period from January 1 to March 31, 1918 (2): 3.
  7. ^ Veldkamp, J.F. (2014). "A revision of Cenchrus incl. Pennisetum (Gramineae) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes". Blumea. 59: 59–75. doi:10.3767/000651914X684376.
  8. ^ Veldkamp, J.F; Eriks, M.; Smit, S.S. (1991). "Bromus (Gramineae) in Malesia". Blumea. 35 (2): 483–497.
  9. ^ Veldkamp, J.F; van Scheindelen, H.J (1989). "Australopyrum, Brachypodium, and Elymus (Gramineae) in Malesia". Blumea. 34 (1): 61–76.
  10. ^ "Kleine Anzeigen" (PDF). Dörfleria. 1: 61. 1909. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Nursery Catalogues: Asia" (PDF). Antiquariaat FORUM B.V. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  12. ^ van Steenis-Kruseman, M.J.; van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1950). "Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a Cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950". Flora Malesiana. 1 (1): xxiii.
  13. ^ Clements, M.A.; Jones, D.L. (1996). "Crepidium myosotis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Papua New Guinea". Lasianthera. 1 (1): 32–45. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Holotype of Hoya tenggerensis Bakh.f. [family ASCLEPIADACEAE]". Global Plants. JSTOR. 1998. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  15. ^ Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C. (1950). "Notes on the Flora of Java, VI". Blumea. 6 (2): 363–406.
  16. ^ "Holotype of Pogostemon hortensis Backer ex Adelb. [family LABIATAE]". Global Plants. JSTOR. 1998. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  17. ^ Adalbert, A.G.L. (1954). "Notes on the flora of Java - VII". Reinwardtia. 3 (1): 145–155. doi:10.55981/reinwardtia.1954.963 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  18. ^ "Holotype of Pseudophegopteris tenggerensis Holttum [family THELYPTERIDACEAE]". Global Plants. JSTOR. 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  19. ^ Holttum, R.E. (1974). "Additions to the Fern Flora of Java". Reinwardtia. 8 (4): 499–501. doi:10.55981/reinwardtia.1974.241 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  20. ^ Gager, C. Stuart (1938). Botanic gardens of the world. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  21. ^ a b "The Australasian Virtual Herbarium". The Australasian Virtual Herbarium. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH). 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  22. ^ "Herbarium of the University of Coimbra". Herbarium of the University of Coimbra. University of Coimbra. 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  23. ^ "Brown University Library: Herbarium". Brown University Library. Brown University. 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries". Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries. Harvard University. 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  25. ^ Natural History Museum's Biodiversity Informatics Group (2024). "Natural History Museum Data Portal". Natural History Museum. doi:10.5519/qd.6zwxgagt. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  26. ^ "Kew Royal Botanic Gardens". Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  27. ^ Cockerell, T.D.A. (1914). "The Entomology of Helianthus". Entomology. 47: 25–27. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  28. ^ van der Vecht, J. (1959). "On Eumenes Arcuatus (Fabricius) and some Allied Indo-australian wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)". Zoologische Verhandelingen. 41 (1): 1–71. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  29. ^ Blöte, H.C. (1931). "Catalogue of the Pyrrhocoridae in 's Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie". Zoologische Mededelingen. 14 (8): 97–136. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  30. ^ Cheesman, L.E. (1941). "II. — Cryptini {formerly Mesostenini) of the Dutch East Indies (Hym. Ich.)". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7 (37): 25–27. doi:10.1080/03745481.1941.9727901. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
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