Safiya Bukhari (born Bernice Jones; April 2, 1950[1]: xxiii – August 24, 2003[2]) was an American member of the Black Panther Party. She was also the co-founder of the Free Mumia Abu-Jamal Coalition (NYC), the Jericho Movement for U.S. Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War, and was the vice president of the Republic of New Afrika.
Safiya Bukhari | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Bernice Jones April 2, 1950 |
| Died | August 24, 2003 (aged 53) North Shore University Hospital, Queens, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Political activist |
| Known for | Former member of the Black Panther Party |
Early life
editShe was born in The Bronx in 1950, one of ten children in a "devoutly Christian, middle-class family." She planned on becoming a doctor and attended New York City Community College as a premed student, pledging at the college's only integrated sorority. Bukhari's political awakening did not happen until college.[3] On a sorority trip, she encountered a Black Panther member selling newspapers who asked if she and her friends wanted to volunteer with the Free Breakfast for Children program.[1]: xxxiii–xxiv
Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army
editAlong with some of her sorority sisters, Bukhari began volunteering with the Free Breakfast program. She discovered that the police were spreading rumors that the Panthers were feeding the children poisoned food. Bukhari noted, "They didn't have a breakfast program in the schools themselves, they were not making an effort to feed the children, but they didn't want us to feed the children." In 1969, she witnessed an officer harassing a Panther who was selling papers in Times Square. When she told the officer the Panther had a right to disseminate political literature, she was arrested. According to her, those incidents led to her officially joining the Black Panther Party.[4]
She worked out of the Party's Harlem office, becoming in charge of Information and Communications for the East Coast Panthers. Bukhari was critical of the Party's treatment of female Panthers.[5] In 1969, she gave birth to a daughter, Wonda Jones, whose father Robert Webb was killed during the Party's split. In 1971, she converted to Islam. After being subpoenaed to testify about the Black Liberation Army (BLA) in April 1974, she went "underground" with the BLA to avoid testifying.[4]
Arrest and incarceration
editOn January 25, 1975, Bukhari was captured after a shooting in Norfolk, VA that left a fellow BLA member dead and another shot in the face.[6] Even though she had a license to open carry in public, she was charged with illegal possession of a weapon, felony murder, and attempted robbery.[6] At her arraignment, her own lawyer threatened to have her bound and gagged.[7] The jury selection, trial and sentencing all happened in one day, and she was not allowed in court during her trial. She was sentenced to 40 years.[4] Bukhari was sent to Virginia Correctional Center for Women.[6] She was considered the "most dangerous inmate" there.[8]
She needed surgery, but was denied treatment by prison personnel.[4][9] On New Year's Eve 1976, Bukhari attempted to escape, after one month of frequent hemorrhaging for which she was not allowed to see a doctor. She was captured two months later and returned to Virginia.[6]
While imprisoned, Bukhari and fellow inmates founded a program called Mothers Inside Loving Kids (MILK) to prevent the separation of children from incarcerated mothers.[10] Bukhari also filed a lawsuit against the Virginia prison system for US$1.45 million in 1979, alleging that her segregation in prison was unconstitutional and amounted to cruel and unusual punishment, as well as deprivation of equal protection and due process of law.[11][12]
In August 1983, she was released on parole, with the condition of never associating with BLA or the Panthers again.[4]
Later life
editIn 1984, Bukhari married anarchist Ashanti Alston.[13] She worked as a social worker at the Legal Aid Society.[1]: xxxi
Bukhari continued to be politically active after she was paroled. In 1992, she helped form the New York chapter of the Free Mumia Abu-Jamal Coalition.[14] In 1998, she helped coordinate the Jericho March and Rally for U.S. Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War in Washington, D.C.[14][15] Jericho became, as she described it, "a movement with a defined goal of getting recognition that political prisoners exist inside the prisons of the United States, despite the government's denial."[16] Bukhari was also involved in the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement.[17] She co-hosted the radio show "Where We Live" with Sally O'Brien on WBAI, focusing on prison-related issues.[18]
Bukhari was the vice president of the Republic of New Afrika, a provisional government working to form a Black nation composed of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, "states built on the backs of enslaved Africans."[19]
On August 24, 2003, Bukhari died of heart failure at North Shore University Hospital in Queens, NY. After her death, Abu-Jamal said from prison that she "was a true revolutionary. Patient, constant, disciplined, and determined ... [who, like Che] Guevara, was 'motivated by great feeling of love.'"[20]
Her papers were published posthumously after her daughter Wonda Jones asked Laura Whitehorn to help her collect, edit and publish them.[21] Her papers became The War Before: The True Life Story of Becoming a Black Panther, Keeping the Faith in Prison and Fighting for Those Left Behind, published in 2010 by The Feminist Press.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Bukhari, Safiya (2010). The War Before : the True Life Story of Becoming a Black Panther, Keeping the Faith in Prison, and Fighting for Those Left Behind. New York: Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 9781558616547. OCLC 630541456.
- ^ "Safiya Bukhari, Presente!". Revolutionary Worker. No. 1224. Chicago: Revolutionary Communist Party. 28 December 2003. Archived from the original on 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Meyer, Manuella (2003). "Commentary on Black Liberationists". Social Justice. 30 (2): 43. JSTOR 29768183.
- ^ a b c d e Bukhari, Safiya (1992-09-27). "Interview with Safiya Bukhari" (Interview). Arm the Spirit / Jericho Movement. Archived from the original on 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Alameen-Shavers, Antwanisha (Fall 2016). "The Woman Question: Gender Dynamics within the Black Panther Party". Spectrum: A Journal on Black Men. 5 (1): 54 – via Project MUSE.
Bukhari (2010) further contends that the party had 'taken on the persona of sexist America, but only with a Black hue.'
- ^ a b c d James, Joy (2003). Imprisoned intellectuals : America's political prisoners write on life, liberation, and rebellion. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 122–123. ISBN 9780742520264. OCLC 71123868.
- ^ "Stormy Trial Opens for Black Liberationists". The High Point Enterprise. High Point, North Carolina. Associated Press. 1975-04-16. Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ "Revolutionary Becomes 'Most Dangerous' Inmate". Daily News-Record. Harrisonburg, Virginia. Associated Press. 1979-03-13. Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ Bader, Eleanor (2011-06-22). "Black Panther's Posthumous Writings Cover Activism's Risks, Rewards". Truthout. Archived from the original on 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
- ^ Bukhari, Safiya (2002-08-15). "'Everyone has a point where they won't back down': Interview with Safiya Bukhari, part 6". Workers World (Interview). Interviewed by Henry, Imani. Workers World Party. Archived from the original on 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
I and other women started this group, Mothers Inside Loving Kids (MILK), for the long-termers. And we helped them spend time with their children. Because one of the things they do heavy in the South is that they take away parental rights, especially if a woman goes to jail.
- ^ "Judge to Study State of Women in Prison". Daily News-Record. Harrisonburg, Virginia. Associated Press. 1979-10-26. Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ "Prison system suit off, pending Chesimard link". The Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. Associated Press. 1979-11-21. p. 12. Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ Alston, Ashanti (May 2010). "Be careful of your man-tones! Gender politics in revolutionary struggle" (PDF). Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements (Interview). Interviewed by Hilary Darcy. p. 27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
- ^ a b "In Memory Of… | Free Mumia". www.freemumia.com. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Muntaqim, Jalil (2017-02-12). "Message from Political Prisoner Jalil Muntaqim to the Community". www.thejerichomovement.com. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Bukhari, Safiya; Ferguson, Herman; Toure, Ahati N. N.; Alston, Ashanti Omowali; Carpinelli, Adam; et al. (2014). Jericho Manual (PDF) (Report) (3rd ed.). Chesterfield, Virginia: National Jericho Movement. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
- ^ Berger, Dan (2016). Captive nation : Black prison organizing in the civil rights era. University of North Carolina. p. 274. ISBN 9781469629797. OCLC 892794656.
Prior to her death in 2003, Bukhari also worked with the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, formed by people close to the Republic of New Afrika. The Malcolm X Grassroots Movement has organized against stop-and-frisk policing and for the freedom of black political prisoners.
- ^ Bulagoon, Kazembe (9 September 2003). "Safiya Bukhari: Presente". The Indypendent. No. 37. The New York City Independent Media Center. p. 5. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ Boyd, Herb (2003-08-28). "A gallant warrior and revolutionary passes". New York Amsterdam News. 94 (35) – via EBSCOhost.
- ^ Abu-Jamal, Mumia (2003-08-28). Safiya: Lioness for Liberation! Presente! (Radio broadcast). Archived from the original on 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Gies, Martha (2011). "The Monster That Won't Stop Coming". Women's Review of Books. 28 (1) – via EBSCOhost.