Bothrideridae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Coccinelloidea.[1] They are known commonly as the cocoon-forming beetles or dry bark beetles.[2] They occur worldwide with most native to the Old World tropics.[2] In older literature, the family was often included in the family Colydiidae (e.g., [3]), but is now considered unrelated.
| Bothrideridae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Bothrideres bipuncatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Superfamily: | Coccinelloidea |
| Family: | Bothrideridae Erichson, 1845 |
| Synonyms | |
Description
editThese beetles are 1.4 to 12 millimeters long as adults. They generally have very elongated bodies, some over 4 times longer than wide. They may be cylindrical or somewhat flattened. They are yellow to black in color, some with various patterning and some with red spots. They are hairless to slightly hairy or scaly in texture. The antennae have 9 to 11 segments and are usually club-shaped at the tips. Larvae are up to 18 millimeters long and are elongate in shape.[4]
Biology and ecology
editMost beetles in this family live under tree bark. The larvae are ectoparasitoids of other insects, including other woodboring beetles, wood wasps, and carpenter bees.[4]
Taxonomy
editGenera that were assigned to the former subfamilies Teredinae, Xylariophilinae, and Anommatinae are now placed into the separate family Teredidae, with members of the former subfamily Bothriderinae constituting the only remaining members of the family. Genera placed in the family in the new circumscription include:[5]
- Antibothrus Sharp
- Acetoderes Pope
- Asosylus Grouvelle
- Bothrideres Dejean
- Chinikus Pope
- Cosmothroax Kraatz
- Craspedophilus Heinze
- Cylindromicrus Sharp
- Dastarcus Walker
- Deretaphrus Newman
- Emmaglaeus Fairmaire
- Erotylathris Motschulsk
- Leptoglyphus Sharp
- Lithophorus Sharp
- Mabomus Pope
- Ogmoderes Ganglbauer
- Patroderes Ślipiński
- Petalophora Westwood
- Prolyctus Zimmermann
- Machlotes Horn
- Pseudantibothrus Pope
- Pseudobothrideres Grouvelle
- Pseudososylus Grouvelle
- Roplyctus Pope
- Shekarus Pope
- Sosylus Erichson
- Triboderus Grouvelle.
- †Alveoderes Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (early Cenomanian)[6]
References
edit
- ^ a b Bothrideridae. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ^ a b c Lord, N. P. 2009. Bothrideridae: Cocoon-forming beetles. Version 22 September 2009. Tree of Life Web Project.
- ^ Donald Borror; Richard White (1970). A field guide to the insects of America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-07436-7.
- ^ a b 2010. Slipiński, A. S., N. P. Lord and J. F. Lawrence, 10.28. Bothrideridae Erichson, 1845. Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine Pp. 411-422 In: Handbook of Zoology Coleoptera, Beetles. Volume 2. Morphology and Systematics (Polyphaga partim). (Eds. R. G. Beutel, R. A. B. Leschen and J. F. Lawrence). W. DeGruyter, Berlin.
- ^ Robertson, James A.; Ślipiński, Adam; Moulton, Matthew; Shockley, Floyd W.; Giorgi, Adriano; Lord, Nathan P.; Mckenna, Duane D.; Tomaszewska, Wioletta; Forrester, Juanita; Miller, Kelly B.; Whiting, Michael F.; Mchugh, Joseph V. (October 2015). "Phylogeny and classification of Cucujoidea and the recognition of a new superfamily Coccinelloidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia): Systematics of Cucujoidea and Coccinelloidea". Systematic Entomology. 40 (4): 745–778. doi:10.1111/syen.12138. S2CID 55206626.
- ^ Li, Yan-Da; Cai, Chen-Yang (2024). "Alveoderes gen. nov., the earliest fossil of Bothrideridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea)". Zoologia (Curitiba). 41. doi:10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23084. ISSN 1984-4689.