Captain Royce Coleman Dyer, DCM, MM (February 1, 1889 – December 30, 1918) was a Canadian soldier who fought during World War I and had led a Russian unit during the North Russia intervention which was part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War after the October Revolution. He died of broncho-pneumonia on December 30, 1918, while serving in Russia.
Royce Coleman Dyer | |
|---|---|
 Newspaper clipping from the Winnipeg Evening Tribune | |
| Born | February 1, 1889 Sutton, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | December 30, 1918 (aged 29) Archangel, Russia |
| Buried | Archangel Allied Cemetery, Russia |
| Allegiance |  Canada |
| Service |
|
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Commands | Slavo-British Allied Legion "SBAL" aka Dyer's Battalion |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Military Medal
 Russian Order of St. George 4th Class |
Early life and World War I
editThe son of the five-term mayor of Sutton, Quebec, Leon C. Dyer, Royce Coleman Dyer was born in Sutton on February 1, 1889.[1] Before the war he worked as a butcher.[2]
Dyer enlisted on September 23, 1914, in Valcartier, Québec and was assigned to the 8th Bn, Canadian Infantry (Manitoba Regiment), the 'Black Devils'.[3][4] He participated in a number of WWI battles during his service, including the Second Battle of Ypres. During the Battle of Mont Sorrel his actions earned him the Military Medal. During this action he was gassed. After losing consciousness he was found in a ditch two days later, then spent the next month in hospital.[3] After being promoted to Sergeant, he was hospitalized after breaking a rib during the Battle of the Somme, and again knocked out of action after suffering a gunshot wound to the torso.[5]
North Russia intervention
editWhile recovering in England from his bullet wound, he was approached about joining the Special Service Force that was being sent to assist anti-Bolshevik forces near Archangel, Russia as part of the Allied North Russia intervention. He attracted the attention of the unit's commander General Edmund Ironside after his actions while taking the village of Onega, for which he received the Distinguished Conduct Medal.[5]
445 A./Sjt. R. C. Dyer, M.M., 8th Bn., Can. Infy. (N. RUSSIA).
For conspicuous gallantry and resource during the landing at Onega and clearing of the town. He set a very fine example to his men throughout the action, and, from a very exposed position, successfully engaged an enemy machine-gun at close range with his Lewis gun. He showed marked courage in taking up new positions with his gun under heavy machine-gun and cross rifle fire, and by his skilful use of it rendered very valuable service.— The London Gazette 14 January 1919 [6]
Dyer's Battalion
editGeneral Ironside needed more men for his Russian occupation force and so looked to recruit local Russians.[7] When enrollment figures came up short he took the suggestion of one of his staff and looked to recruit criminals from the local prisons.[8] Called the Slavo-British Allied Legion (SBAL) he assigned their training to Dyer, who was promoted to Lieutenant. With British, Australian and Canadian officers Dyer created a unit of just under three hundred ex-prisoners. The men viewed their Lieutenant with much respect and took to calling themselves “Dyer’s Battalion.”[9] Encouraged by the progress of the unit Allied Russian command promoted Dyer to captain. During training, disaster struck when he died from broncho-pneumonia. The unit never recovered but to show their respect the men carried around a huge portrait of Dyer when marching, as is the Eastern Orthodox tradition of an Icon.[9] With their namesake dead, morale in the Battalion plummeted. Dyer had resisted enlisting suspected Bolsheviks but after his death, high command ignored this and many imprisoned Russian Bolsheviks were added to the unit. When the unit was moved to the front lines tensions grew and on July 7, 1919, the men murdered their officers.[9] The mutineers then ordered the soldiers to cross enemy lines and join the Bolsheviks.[10]
Death
editDyer became ill while serving in Russia and on December 27, 1918, he was admitted to the 82nd Casualty Clearing Station in Bakharitza suffering from fever. The medics there diagnosed his ailment as broncho-pneumonia, then a deadly disease, which he died from three days later, on December 30, 1918.[1][9] Enlisting in 1914 and dying long after World War I had ended, he was one of the first Canadians to volunteer and the last to die.[3] He is buried at Archangel Allied Cemetery.
Bibliography
editNotes
- ^ a b Veterans Affairs Canada 2019
- ^ Library and Archives Canada 2019
- ^ a b c Vachon 2019.
- ^ The Vancouver Daily World 1918, p. 9.
- ^ a b Ford 2017
- ^ The London Gazette 1919, p. 851.
- ^ Swettenham 2017.
- ^ MacLaren 1976, p. 85.
- ^ a b c d Ford 2018
- ^ Kinvig 2007, p. 199.
References
- Ford, Trevor (June 30, 2017). "Dyer's Battalion: the Untold Story of the Russian Revolution (Part I)". canadianmilitaryhistory.ca. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- Ford, Trevor (July 3, 2018). "Dyer's Battalion: the Untold Story of the Russian Revolution (Part II)". canadianmilitaryhistory.ca. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- Kinvig, Clifford (2007). Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920. A & C Black. ISBN 9781847250216. – Total pages: 400
- Library and Archives Canada (2019). "Personnel Records of the First World War: Dyer". Government of Canada. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- The London Gazette (January 14, 1919). "Distinguished Conduct Medal announcements in the Fifth Supplement to the London Gazette 31128". The London Gazette. No. 31128. London, UK: Government of the United Kingdom. ISSN 0374-3721. OCLC 6672113. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- MacLaren, Roy (1976). Canadians in Russia, 1918–1919. Macmillan of Canada. ISBN 9780770513399. – Total pages: 301
- Swettenham, John (2017). Allied Intervention in Russia 1918–1919: And the Part Played by Canada. Routledge. ISBN 9781351798761. – Total pages: 322
- Vachon, Jocelyn (2019). "A Hundred Years Ago, The Great War Began" (PDF). Héritage Sutton. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- The Vancouver Daily World (November 23, 1918). "Original First Hero Turns Up in Siberia". The Vancouver Daily World. Vancouver, British Columbia.
- Veterans Affairs Canada (2019). "Captain Royce Coleman Dyer". Government of Canada. Retrieved July 8, 2019.