Tenth Dynasty of Egypt

Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
ca. 2130 BC–ca. 2040 BC
	Inscription on the tomb Khety II, nomarch of Pharaoh Merykare, Mariette
Capital	Herakleopolis Magna
Common languages	Egyptian language
Religion	ancient Egyptian religion
Government	Absolute monarchy
Historical era	Bronze Age
• Established	ca. 2130 BC
• Disestablished	ca. 2040 BC
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
	Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt

The Tenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty X) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 9th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.^[1]

Rulers

The 9th Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the 10th Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.^[2]

The following is a possible list of rulers of the Tenth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as Egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Wahkare Khety and Merykare are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:

**Tenth Dynasty (according to Hayes)** (c. 2130 – 2040 BC)^[3]
Name	Image	Comments
Meryhathor(?)		Existence doubtful, known from a damaged graffito at Hatnub
Neferkare VIII		Might be the Kaneferre mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi
Wahkare Khety III		Possibly the purported author of the Teaching for King Merykare
Merykare		Main opponent of the Theban pharaoh Mentuhotep II
[name lost]		An ephemeral ("x months") successor of Merykare

References

^ Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
^ Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.
^ William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.

Preceded by Ninth Dynasty	Dynasty of Egypt c. 2130 – 2040 BC	Succeeded by Eleventh Dynasty

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[1] Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.

[2] Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.

[3] William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.

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