Wikipedia

Citrus Red 2

(Redirected from E121 (E number))
Not to be confused with FD&C Red 2.

Citrus Red 2, Citrus Red No. 2, C.I. Solvent Red 80, or C.I. 12156 is an artificial dye. As a food dye, it has been permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1956 to color the skin of oranges.[1][2][3] Citrus Red 2 is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a group 2B carcinogen, a substance "possibly carcinogenic to humans".[4]

Citrus Red 2
Names
IUPAC name
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylazo)-naphthalen-2-ol
Other names
  • Citrus Red No. 2
  • C.I. Solvent Red 80
  • C.I. 12156
  • E121
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.026.162 Edit this at Wikidata
E number E121 (colours)
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C18H16N2O3/c1-22-13-8-10-17(23-2)15(11-13)19-20-18-14-6-4-3-5-12(14)7-9-16(18)21/h3-11,21H,1-2H3/b20-19+ checkY
    Key: GJUABKCEXOMRPQ-FMQUCBEESA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C18H16N2O3/c1-22-13-8-10-17(23-2)15(11-13)19-20-18-14-6-4-3-5-12(14)7-9-16(18)21/h3-11,21H,1-2H3/b20-19+
    Key: GJUABKCEXOMRPQ-FMQUCBEEBN
  • COc3ccc(cc3/N=N/c1c2ccccc2ccc1O)OC
Properties
C18H16N2O3
Molar mass 308.337 g·mol−1
Appearance Orange to yellow solid or a dark red powder
Melting point 156 °C (313 °F; 429 K)
Insoluble
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chlorideFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Properties

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Citrus Red 2 is an orange to yellow solid or a dark red powder with a melting point of 156 °C. It is not soluble in water, but is readily soluble in many organic solvents.

Use

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In the United States, Citrus Red 2 is sometimes used to color oranges. It is only permitted to be used on the peel.[1] It is permitted when the fruit is intended to be eaten, but is not permitted when the fruit is intended or used for processing, for example to manufacture orange juice.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b Anonymous. 1988. Florida Citrus Fruit Laws. Florida Statutes. 601. [full citation needed]
  2. ^ a b "Code of Federal Regulations: Title 21, Section 74.302". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  3. ^ Hall, David J (1989). "Peel Disorders of Florida Citrus as Related to Growing Area and Color-add formulations". Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102: 243–246.
  4. ^ Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs Archived 2011-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, IARC
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