Methylphenylpiracetam is a derivative of piracetam and a positive allosteric modulator of the sigma-1 receptor.[1][2][3] It differs from phenylpiracetam by having a methyl group.[2]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
2-(5-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C13H16N2O2 | |
| Molar mass | 232.283 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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E1R is the (4R,5S) stereoisomer of methylphenylpiracetam that has been shown to have the greatest effect on the modulation of the sigma-1 receptor.[2]
Enantiomers
editThe two R-configuration enantiomers, i.e. (4R,5S) and (4R,5R), of methylphenylpiracetam are more active positive allosteric modulators of the sigma-1 receptor than the two S-configuration enantiomers, i.e. (4S,5R) and (4S,5S).[1][3]
| Enantiomer | σ1R PAM effect %[3] |
|---|---|
| erythro-(4R,5S) | 222 ± 37 |
| threo-(4R,5R) | 191 ± 23 |
| erythro-(4S,5R) | 141 ± 40 |
| threo-(4S,5S) | 147 ± 31 |
Effects
editE1R enhances cognition and has efficacy against cholinergic dysfunction in mice without affecting locomotor activity.[2] Pretreatment with E1R enhanced the σ1R agonist PRE-084's stimulating effect and facilitated passive avoidance retention.[2] It alleviated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.[2] The cognition enhancing activity of E1R is higher than that of (R)-phenylpiracetam.[4]
Because E1R had no effect on locomotor activity, it was found to be free of potential motor side effects.[2]
Legality
editAustralia
editMethylphenylpiracetam is a schedule 4 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (February 2020).[5] A schedule 4 substance is classified as "Prescription Only Medicine, or Prescription Animal Remedy – Substances, the use or supply of which should be by or on the order of persons permitted by State or Territory legislation to prescribe and should be available from a pharmacist on prescription."[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Veinberg G, Svalbe B, Domracheva I, Vilskersts R, Dambrova M (2015). "Novel positive allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor". SpringerPlus. 4 (Suppl 1): P51. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-4-S1-P51. PMC 4797911.
The R-configuration enantiomers of methylphenylpiracetam are more active positive allosteric modulators of Sigma-1 receptor than S-configuration enantiomers.
- ^ a b c d e f g Zvejniece, L; Vavers, E; Svalbe, B; Vilskersts, R; Domracheva, I; Vorona, M; Veinberg, G; Misane, I; Stonans, I; Kalvinsh, I; Dambrova, M (2014). "The cognition-enhancing activity of E1R, a novel positive allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 171 (3): 761–71. doi:10.1111/bph.12506. PMC 3969087. PMID 24490863.
- ^ a b c Veinberg, G; Vorona, M; Zvejniece, L; Vilskersts, R; Vavers, E; Liepinsh, E; Kazoka, H; Belyakov, S; Mishnev, A; Kuznecovs, J; Vikainis, S; Orlova, N; Lebedev, A; Ponomaryov, Y; Dambrova, M (2013). "Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide stereoisomers as novel positive allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 21 (10): 2764–71. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.016. PMID 23582449.
- ^ Veinberg G, Vavers E, Orlova N, Kuznecovs J, Domracheva I, Vorona M, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M (2015). "Stereochemistry of phenylpiracetam and its methyl derivative: improvement of the pharmacological profile". Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. 51 (7): 601–606. doi:10.1007/s10593-015-1747-9. S2CID 93449199.
In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrated that E1R is the most active memory enhancing enantiomer of the 5-methyl-substituted phenylpiracetam homolog, and its cognition enhancing activity is higher than that of (R)-phenylpiracetam.
- ^ a b Poisons Standard February 2020. comlaw.gov.au
External links
editFurther reading
edit- US patent 8791273, Kalvins, et al., "4R,5S-enantiomer of 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide with nootropic activity", issued 2014-07-29