Advanced Intelligent Tape

Advanced Intelligent Tape (AIT) is a discontinued high-speed, high-capacity magnetic tape data storage format developed and controlled by Sony. It was introduced in 1996 to utilise Advanced Metal Evaporated (AME) technology. It competed mainly against the DLT, LTO, DAT/DDS, and VXA formats. AIT uses 8mm tape in a cassette similar to Video8. Super AIT (SAIT) is a higher capacity variant using wider half inch (1/2") tape in a larger, single-spool cartridge. Both AIT and SAIT use the helical scan method of reading and writing to the tape.

Form factors

AIT technology was available in two form factors.

AIT – 8 mm, dual reel cartridge, similar to Sony's 8 mm videotape products and Exabyte's 8 mm data tape products.
SAIT – 1/2", single reel cartridge, similar to DLT and LTO.

In March 2010, Sony announced the discontinuation of the AIT product line, and renewed collaboration with Hewlett-Packard on further development of the DDS tape format,^[1]

Compatibility

One of the most compelling features of the AIT format is that many generations are both backwards and forwards compatible. This allows multiple generations of tape drives to both read and write to multiple generations of tape media.

AIT generations

Generation	AIT-E Turbo	AIT-1	AIT-1 Turbo	AIT-2	AIT-2 Turbo
Release Date	2004	1996	2004	1999
Native Capacity (GB)	20	25, 35	40	36, 50	80
Max Speed (MB/s)	6	3, 4	6	6	12
Encoding				Trellis-coding for Partial Response (TCPR)
RPM		4800		6400
Tape Length (m)	98	170, 230	186	170, 230	186
Tape Thickness (μm)	6.6	7.0, 5.3	6.6	7.0, 5.3	6.6

AIT-1

Original specification's data capacity up to 25 GB native and up to 65 GB compressed, with a data transfer speed of 3 MB/s.
Extended length tape, introduced in 1999 gave additional capacity, 35 GB.
Speed increased to 4 MB/s in 2001.
Turbo variant, introduced in 2004, is 50% faster (6 MB/s) and holds 40 GB.
A budget version, AIT-E Turbo, was also introduced in 2004 to compete with DDS.
SATA version of AIT-1 Turbo available in 2006.

AIT-2

Doubled capacity and transfer speed
WORM technology introduced
Turbo variant is 100% higher capacity, 100% faster (same speed as AIT-3)
Turbo variant introduced R-MIC technology
SATA version of AIT-2 Turbo available in 2006
Higher capacity TAIT2-80N (Turbo) 80Gb native.

Generation	AIT-3	AIT-3Ex	AIT-4	AIT-5	AIT-6
Release Date	2001	2006	2005	2006	cancelled
Native Capacity (GB)	100	150	200	400	800
Max Speed (MB/s)	12	18	24	24
Encoding			Extended TC-PRML	Turbo-coded modulation	Turbo-coded modulation
Tape Length (m)	230		246	246
Tape Thickness (μm)	5.3		4.8	4.8
WORM Capable	YES	YES	YES	YES

AIT-3

Doubled capacity and transfer speed
Ex variant is 50% higher capacity, 50% faster

AIT-4

Doubled capacity and transfer speed
New tape formulation, AME-2
Not compatible with previous generations

AIT-5

Available September 27, 2006^[2]
Announced July 2006, hardware and media expected "in the fall."
Doubled capacity (via halved tracked pitch to 2.2 μm), maintained transfer speed.
Backwards compatible with AIT-3, AIT-3Ex, AIT-4
New tape formulation, AME-3, which uses finer Cobalt particles resulting in SNR gain of 1 dB compared with AIT-4/AME-2.
A switch to GMR head technology (Flux Guide GMR).

SAIT generations

Comparison of "supertape" capacities, including SAIT.

Generation	SAIT-1	SAIT-2	SAIT-3	SAIT-4
Release Date	2003	2006	cancelled	cancelled
Native Capacity (GB)	500	800	2000	4000
Max Speed (MB/s)	30	45	120	240
Tape Length (m)	600	640
Tape Thickness (μm)		8.6

SAIT-1

Highest capacity tape cartridge from 2003 to 2006. Displaced by DLT-S4 (800 GB).

The AIT format was developed and is controlled by Sony.

SAIT-2

Released in 2006 by Sony, available only in libraries, 800 GB native and 45 MB/s sustained transfer rate.^[3]

Notes

Data Capacity and Speed figures above are for uncompressed data. Sony assumes a 2x or 2.6x compression factor in their marketing material.
According to Sony, "All future products are based on technology projections."

Technical features

AME

Advanced Metal Evaporated is a different formulation of tape media.

MIC

Memory-in-Cassette is a 16-64KB memory chip in the cartridge that keeps relevant information about the data on the tape to allow quicker access. The drive did not have to read the whole tape until it came across the file required like a file index.

R-MIC

Remote - Memory in Cassette Like MIC except it does not require physical contact.

WORM

Write Once Read Many functionality, useful for archive keeping.

References

^ "Sony Kills AIT Line of Storage Products". synergybroadcast.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19.
^ "Sony announces availability of its fifth generation tape drive and media in celebrating 10 years of AIT" (PDF) (Press release). Sony. September 27, 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
^ "SAIT2-800". Sony. Retrieved 2007-01-30.

External links

ECMA 246 Specification of AIT-1. [1]
ECMA 291 Specification of AIT-1 w/ MIC. [2]
ECMA 292 Specification of AIT-2 w/ MIC. [3]
ECMA 329 Specification of AIT-3. [4]

[1] "Sony Kills AIT Line of Storage Products". synergybroadcast.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19.

[2] "Sony announces availability of its fifth generation tape drive and media in celebrating 10 years of AIT" (PDF) (Press release). Sony. September 27, 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-15.

[sonybiz-3] "SAIT2-800". Sony. Retrieved 2007-01-30.

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