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Kirk of St Nicholas

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The Kirk of St Nicholas is a historic church in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is the original parish church of the city, and is also known locally as the Mither Kirk or mother church. Following the Reformation, it was divided between two congregations, the East Kirk and the West Kirk. These merged in the 1980s to form the Kirk of St Nicholas Uniting. In 2020, the congregation merged with that of Queen's Cross Church and the Kirk of St Nicholas ceased to be used for regular worship.[1]

Kirk of St Nicholas
View from the kirkyard
Map
LocationBack Wynd, Aberdeen, AB10 1JZ
CountryScotland
DenominationChurch of Scotland
Website
Listed Building – Category A
Official nameThe Kirk of St Nicholas Uniting (Church of Scotland and United Reformed)
Designated12 January 1967
Reference no.LB19966
History
DedicationSt Nicholas
Administration
PresbyteryAberdeen
Clergy
Minister(s)Rev Ian Murray (Interim Minister, 121 George Street, Edinburgh)
Interior of the West Kirk

History

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The earliest mention of a church on the site of the present Kirk can be found in a Papal document of 1151.[2] Given Aberdeen's proximity to the sea, St Nicholas was chosen as the patron saint of New Aberdeen, as patron saint of commerce.[3]

The Kirk was enlarged in the 15th century. St Nicholas and St Mary's, Dundee, were probably the largest parish churches in medieval Scotland. This work was dedicated by Bishop Elphinstone in 1498. The 500th anniversary of the dedication of the enlarged church was marked with the installation of a special stained glass window at the main entrance to the Kirk, overlooking Drum's Aisle.

The church contains the Drum Aisle (the ancient burial-place of the Irvines of Drum Castle) and the Collison Aisle, which divide the two congregations and which formed the transepts of the 12th-century church of St Nicholas (architectural detail survives from this period). The West Church was built between 1751 and 1755, to plans given to the burgh by James Gibbs, in the Italian style, on the site of the medieval nave, the East in 1834 in Gothic-revival style on the site of the choir. In 1874 a fire destroyed the East Church and the old central tower with its lead-clad timber spire and its fine peal of nine bells, one of which, Laurence or "Lowrie", was 4 ft (1.2 m) in diameter at the mouth, 3.5 ft (1.1 m) high and very thick. The church was rebuilt and a massive granite tower erected over the intervening aisles, a new carillon of 36 bells, cast in Belgium, being installed to commemorate the Victorian jubilee of 1887. Because the tuning of these bells by van Aerschot was not so good, the bells were replaced in 1950 with 48 bells made by Gillett & Johnston, it is now one of the largest carillons in the British Isles.

The building includes two sanctuaries under one roof (though only one is now used). Following considerable decay, the old nave collapsed in approximately 1742. A rebuilt church – known as the West Kirk – was built in 1755, by James Gibbs.[4] This is still used for regular worship. The other section – the East Kirk – though it was still complete and retained a wooden medieval roof similar to that which survives at King's College Chapel, Old Aberdeen, was rebuilt in 1837, by Archibald Simpson,[5][4] and had to be again rebuilt following a fire in 1874. Extensive renovation and archeological work is currently taking place in the East Kirk. The foundations of earlier phases of the kirk, many medieval burials, and large numbers of architectural fragments are among the rich finds from this important site.

The Oil Chapel was dedicated in 1990 to mark 25 years of North Sea oil. The chapel hosts a book of remembrance to all those who have died offshore in British waters.[6][7]

Despite the many alterations to the fabric of the Kirk over the year's, St Nicholas retains a larger number of medieval effigies than any other Scottish parish church, though none of these are in their original positions. The Vault or Chapel of Our Lady of Pity survives under the east end of the Kirk. It has been refaced externally, but retains its medieval vaults within. A number of pieces of late medieval and 17th century woodwork are preserved in this vault.

The former Kirk of St Nicholas Parish is now incorporated into the Parish of St Mark's, also under the ministry of Interim Minister, The Revd Ian Murray.

Churchyard

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Colonnade at the entrance to the kirkyard

The graveyard surrounds the church on three sides: north, south and west.

It is extremely crowded on the west and south sides. It has a high proportion of table stones.

It does not follow the standard Scottish pattern of stones generally facing east.

Close to the church on its south side a number of ground slabs now form part of paving, and are also used for car parking, a feature generally unseen in Scotland.

Monuments date from the mid 17th century.

The boundary onto Union Street was rebuilt as a very formal Georgian colonnade in the 19th century.

Notable Ministers

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[8]

Notable burials

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The grave of William Rickart, churchyard of Kirk of St Nicholas, Aberdeen

Other memorials

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Kirk of St Nicholas". St Nicholas Center. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  2. ^ Historical Walkabout of Aberdeen
  3. ^ Fasti Ecclesiastae Scoticana vol.6: St Nicholas
  4. ^ a b Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Aberdeen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  5. ^ "This Noble College: A Guided Tour of King's College Chapel". www.abdn.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Piper Alpha Memorial, Hazlehead Park, Aberdeen". Historic Environment Scotland. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  7. ^ "The Oil Chapel". The UK Oil and Gas Chaplaincy. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  8. ^ Fasti Ecclesiastae Scoticana vol.6
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57°08′51″N 2°05′57″W / 57.1476°N 2.0992°W / 57.1476; -2.0992

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