Nakhodka (Russian: Нахо́дка, IPA: [nɐˈxotkə], means "finding") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Vladivostok (169 kilometers by car [1]), the administrative center of the krai. Population: 159,719 (2010 Census);[2] 148,826 (2002 Census);[6] 160,056 (1989 Soviet census).[7]
Nakhodka
Находка | |
|---|---|
 View of Nakhodka | |
.svg) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Nakhodka  | |
  Nakhodka Location of Nakhodka  Nakhodka Nakhodka (Primorsky Krai) | |
| Coordinates: 42°49′N 132°52′E / 42.817°N 132.867°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Primorsky Krai[1] |
| Founded | 1864 |
| City status since | May 18, 1950 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Oleg Kolyadin |
| Area | |
• Total | 325.9 km2 (125.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 159,719 |
| • Rank | 110th in 2010 |
| • Density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | Nakhodka City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Capital of | Nakhodka City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| • Capital of | Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+10 (MSK+7 [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 690890, 692900–692906, 692909–692911, 692913, 692914, 692916–692924, 692926, 692928–692930, 692939–692941, 692943, 692952–692954, 692956 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4236 |
| OKTMO ID | 05714000001 |
| City Day | Last Sunday in May |
| Website | www |
History
editThe Nakhodka Bay, around which the city is organized, was first known to the Russians on the corvette Amerika, which sought shelter in the bay during a storm in 1859. In honor of this occasion, the ice-free and relatively calm bay was named Nakhodka, which in Russian means "discovery" or "lucky find".
An imperial settlement existed here from 1868 to 1872 but was abandoned following the death of its administrator, Harald Furuhjelm. In the fall of 1870, Otto Wilhelm Lindholm established a whaling station across the bay from the settlement. In the spring of 1871 he fitted out his schooner Hannah Rice and sailed to Posyet, where he caught six gray whales.[8]
Until the 20th century, the area around the bay remained uninhabited.[citation needed] When the Soviet government decided to build a harbor in the area in the 1930s, a number of small settlements were founded, which were merged as a work settlement in the 1940s. On May 18, 1950, the settlement, by then with a population of about 28,000 residents, was granted town status.[citation needed]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated as Nakhodka City Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Nakhodka City Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug.[3]
Geography
editClimate
editNakhodka has one of the mildest climates in Primorsky Krai and in the whole of the Asian part of Russia. Average temperature in January is −9.3 °C (15.3 °F); in August (the warmest month), it is +20.6 °C (69.1 °F). It is classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) due to the vast seasonal differences and is a very cold climate for a coastal location below 43 degrees latitude. The maritime influence is manifested in low diurnal temperature variation and a vast summer seasonal lag. Due to the influence of the interior, there is a sharp drop in temperatures between October and November. Half of the year has mean temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F), in spite of the warmest month being only moderately warm and the coldest month having quite severe cold, with a very low seasonal lag in winter.
| Climate data for Nakhodka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9 (48) |
7 (45) |
16 (61) |
30 (86) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
37 (99) |
34 (93) |
27 (81) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
10 (50) |
37 (99) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−3 (27) |
2.7 (36.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
20 (68) |
13.5 (56.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
11 (52) |
15.3 (59.5) |
19 (66) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17 (63) |
10.5 (50.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−6 (21) |
6.9 (44.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−3 (27) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27 (−17) |
−22 (−8) |
−15 (5) |
−7 (19) |
1 (34) |
3 (37) |
6 (43) |
11 (52) |
2 (36) |
−7 (19) |
−18 (0) |
−22 (−8) |
−27 (−17) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
44 (1.7) |
71 (2.8) |
102 (4.0) |
141 (5.6) |
141 (5.6) |
105 (4.1) |
58 (2.3) |
51 (2.0) |
40 (1.6) |
860 (33.9) |
| Average precipitation days | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 112 |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 86 |
| Average snowy days | 5 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 29 |
| Source 1: Primorsky-Meteo[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase[10] | |||||||||||||
Economy and infrastructure
edit
The city's economy, based mostly around a port and port-related activity such as fish processing and canning, had suffered since 1991 as Vladivostok was opened to foreign activity again. Local industry also took a hit during the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
Nakhodka is a transport junction where goods from Japan are transferred from ships in the Port of Vostochny onto the Russian railway system, including the Trans-Siberian Railway portion of the Eurasian Land Bridge. JSC Vostochny Port, a stevedoring company, is headquartered in the city.
The Port of Kozmino has been since 2012 the eastern terminus of the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean pipeline.
Sports
editFC Okean Nakhodka was the only professional sport club in the city. It spent the 1992 and 1993 seasons in the Russian Premier League, although the club later folded and was refounded in the amateur leagues. It is also the home town of association football player Viktor Fayzulin.
Twin towns and sister cities
edit
Nakhodka has the following sister city relationships:
| City | State/province | Country | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maizuru |  Kyoto
|
 Japan
|
June 19611 |
| Otaru |  Hokkaido
|
Japan
|
September 12, 1966 |
| Bellingham |  Washington
|
 United States
|
April 1975 |
| Oakland |  California
|
United States
|
April 1975 |
| Tsuruga |  Fukui
|
Japan
|
October 1982 |
| Jilin |  Jilin
|
China
|
July 1991 |
| Donghae | .svg){kind=small} Gangwon
|
 South Korea
|
December 1991 |
| Clare |  Michigan
|
United States
|
October 1997 |
| Phuket |  Phuket Province
|
 Thailand
|
September 21, 2006 |
^1 First Soviet Union-Japan sister city
Notable people
edit- Mirabella Karyanova (born 1990), Russian electronic musician, DJ, and producer
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Law #161-KZ
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #183-KZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Lindholm, O. V., Haes, T. A., & Tyrtoff, D. N. (2008). Beyond the frontiers of imperial Russia: From the memoirs of Otto W. Lindholm. Javea, Spain: A. de Haes OWL Publishing.
- ^ "Nakhodka climate normalspublisher=Primorsky-Meteo" (in Russian). Archived from the original on November 18, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
- ^ "Nakhodka Climate Normals". Weatherbase. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №161-КЗ от 14 ноября 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края», в ред. Закона №673-КЗ от 6 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Приморского края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красное знамя Приморья", №69 (119), 29 ноября 2001 г. (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #161-KZ of November 14, 2001 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Primorsky Krai, as amended by the Law #673-KZ of October 6, 2015 On Amending the Law of Primorsky Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Primorsky Krai". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №183-КЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «О Находкинском городском округе». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Ведомости Законодательного Собрания Приморского края", №77, 8 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #183-KZ of December 6, 2004 On Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).