The Mitumba chimpanzee community is a group of wild eastern chimpanzees that inhabit a 10-kilometre-square area of the Gombe Stream National Park, near Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.[1] This community borders the well-known Kasekela community of chimpanzees. The Mitumba community became well-known following the migration in 1996 of the female chimpanzee Flossi from the Kasekela community, becoming the first identified female chimpanzee to migrate from her natal group. In 2010 the community numbered 25 members.[2] Mitumba males have occasionally been killed by males of the Kasekela community.[3] The Mitumba community's range and size has declined since the 1970s largely as a result of competition with the Kasekela community and due to habitat destruction.[4] Rivalry with Kasekela community in the 1990s and 2000s resulted in several Mitumba chimps being killed by Kasekela males, including the infants Rejea and Andromeda and most likely the adult male Rusambo.[5] During this rivalry, Mitumba males killed the Kasekela adult female Patti.[5]
F-family
editThis family group originates from the Kasekela community which was part of the pioneering study by primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall, and the family line continues with Flossi's integration into the Mitumba community in 1996.[6] Her younger sister Flirt later integrated into the Mitumba community in 2013.[6]
Flossi
editFlossi (born February 8, 1985[4]) is in the Kasekela community and is Fifi's second oldest daughter. Flossi has given birth to four offspring, the males Forest (1997–) and Fansi (2001–) and females Flower (2005–) and Falidi (2009–).[4] As of 2010[update], she was one of the two highest-ranking females in the community.[2] Although males are perceived as the more aggressive sex in chimpanzees, studies at Gombe have revealed there is substantial aggressive interactions among females with each other.[7] One of two contexts for female-female aggressive encounters in Gombe is the immigration of females into new communities upon reaching sexual maturity.[7] Although Flossi successfully integrated into the Mitumba community, she has shown to be unwelcoming to new female arrivals, as in the case of Kasekela female, Schweini, who attempted to join Mitumba in 2004, only to experience brutal attacks by high-ranking Flossi and the other resident females.[7]
Edgar
editEdgar (born 1989) joined with Rudi to kill Vincent (who was the alpha male of the Mitumba community and the only male to survive the 2004 epidemic). Edgar and Rudi battled with each other for alpha status; Edgar won in early 2005. Edgar has since then been the "alpha male," although there are only two males. He had a younger brother, Eboney, who may have been killed by Rudi during the struggle for alpha status, and a younger sister named Eden.
References
edit- ^ Craig B. Stanford (1998). Chimpanzee and Red Colobus: The Ecology of Predator and Prey. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674116672.
- ^ a b Jane Goodall (2010). Through a Window: My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547488387.
- ^ Michael Lawrence Wilson (2014-07-10). "Mitumba". Retrieved 2015-01-12.
- ^ a b c Deus Cyprian Mjungu (July 2010). "Dynamics of intergroup competition in two neighboring chimpanzee communities" (PDF). University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2016-12-22.
- ^ a b Michael Lawrence Wilson (2012). "Long-term Studies of the Chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania". In Peter M. Kappeler; David P. Watts (eds.). Long-term Field Studies of Primates. Springer. pp. 357–384. ISBN 9783642225130.
- ^ a b Anup Shah; Fiona Rogers (2014). Tales from Gombe. Firefly. pp. 319–320. ISBN 9781770854680.
- ^ a b c Pusey, A; Murray, C; Wallauer, W; Wilson, M; Wroblewski, E; Goodall, J. Severe Aggression Among Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania (PDF). VIVAMUS.