Edge Hill is an escarpment and Edgehill[1][2] a hamlet in the civil parish of Ratley and Upton, Stratford-on-Avon District, southern Warwickshire, England. At Ratley, the escarpment rises to 219 m (719 ft) above sea level and 112 m (367 ft) above nearby Radway, within 300 metres of the Warwickshire border with Oxfordshire.[3]
| Edge Hill | |
|---|---|
 Castle Inn, the Octagonal Tower | |
  Edge Hill Location within Warwickshire | |
| OS grid reference | SP370470 |
| Civil parish | |
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Banbury |
| Postcode district | OX15 |
| Dialling code | 01295 |
| Police | Warwickshire |
| Fire | Warwickshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
Edge Hill gave its name to the first battle of the English Civil War, in which it was a prominent feature.
The hamlet has a public house, an eccentric building of local Hornton Stone called the Castle Inn[4] that was built in the 1740s to the designs of Sanderson Miller (1716–80).[5] It is controlled by the Hook Norton Brewery.[6]
Battle
editThe narrow wood on the scarp of Edge Hill, in the south-east overlooks the lower slope and the plain on which the battle was fought.
The battle of Edge Hill was fought on Sunday 23 October 1642 and was the first major battle in the English Civil War between the Royalist forces of King Charles I and the Parliamentarian army commanded by the Earl of Essex.
The King's army started the day on the plateau above the scarp and Parliament's front line was about 2,200 yards (2,000 m) away. From Edge Hill, the ground drops steeply, levels out, then rises to Battleton Holt and a little beyond it are the Oaks and Graveground Copice. It was across the latter two that Parliament's army was drawn up (grid reference SP346485 to SP367498). The King's forces descended from the escarpment and faced them, extended between the end of the spur at Knowle End and Brixfield Farm (SP349472 to SP376491). The King's army had to descend from the edge of the escarpment if they wished to engage the Parliamentarians in battle, because the escarpment was far too steep for Essex to consider an attack against the Royalist army while it was on the edge. At the time of the battle, there were far fewer trees[citation needed]. The battle was inconclusive, with both sides claiming victory. It would take several more years and many more battles before the Parliamentarians won the war.
In 1643, following reports of ghostly sightings published by a printer Thomas Jackson, the King sent a Royal commission to visit the site, where they claimed to have seen two phantom armies fighting in the sky above them.[1][7]
Quarrying
editThe area around Edge Hill has been quarried extensively for Jurassic ironstone since the 11th century.[8] Later iron ore was quarried and transported on the Edge Hill Light Railway to the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway near Burton Dassett.
References
edit- ^ a b "Echoes of war still surround Edgehill". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC.
- ^ hamlet is a single word as shown in OS maps, and Google Street View
- ^ "OS map". streetmap.co.uk.
- ^ "The Castle at Edgehill". Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ Pevsner & Wedgwood 1966, p. 380.
- ^ "The Castle Inn". Hook Norton Brewery. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ "Ghostly Battle of Edgehill". Historic UK.
- ^ "Edge Hill Quarry, Hornton". Stone in Archaeology Database. University of Southampton. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007.
Sources
edit- Pevsner, Nikolaus; Wedgwood, Alexandra (1966). Warwickshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 380.
External links
edit
Media related to Edge Hill, Stratford-on-Avon at Wikimedia Commons
- BattleOfEdgehill.org - Dedicated website
- Battlefields Trust: Edge Hill