Edward Gowen Budd (December 28, 1870 – November 30, 1946) was an American inventor and businessman.
Edward G. Budd | |
|---|---|
 Edward G. Budd,1925 | |
| Born | Edward Gowen Budd December 28, 1870 |
| Died | November 30, 1946 (aged 75) |
| Resting place | West Laurel Hill Cemetery |
| Occupation | Automotive engineer |
| Employer | Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company |
| Spouse |
Mary Wright (m. 1899) |
| Children | 5 |
Early life
editEdward Gowen Budd was born in Smyrna, Delaware, on December 28, 1870.[1] He studied engineering in Philadelphia in 1888.[citation needed] He took correspondence courses and studied at the Franklin Institute.[1]
Career
editEarly career
editAfter graduating from public high school aged 17, Budd went to work as an apprentice in a machine shop. Two years later, in 1899, he moved to Philadelphia to finish his apprenticeship with the Bement Machine Company. He studied correspondence courses voraciously with the Franklin Institute schools and filled his spare time with experimentation and scientific reading.[1] He then took his knowledge of pressed steel to the railroad industry. He worked with the Pullman Company on a contract for Pennsylvania Railroad, building the first all-steel car.
From 1900 to 1902, he worked for the American Pulley Company as a shop superintendent.[1] He then worked for Hale & Kilburn, designing railroad car seats and interior trim. He resigned in 1912 after the firm showed lack of enthusiasm in moving into the automobile body business.[2]
Budd Company
edit
In 1912 he founded the Budd Company, which initially specialized in the manufacture of pressed-steel chassis frames for automobiles.
His company was soon supplying an all-steel sedan body to auto manufacturers. Following discussions between them which began in 1913 Budd's first big supporters were the Dodge brothers, who purchased 70,000 all-steel open touring bodies in 1916. They were soon followed by an all-steel Dodge sedan. The brothers had not believed such a thing possible but they were persuaded to allow Budd to go ahead with the design, die-making and press-installation needed for actual production to begin. Other US manufacturers soon followed Dodge's lead. Closed bodies outsold open bodies from 1923 on.[3]
To hold all this steel together, Budd also pioneered the use of arc welding in automobile manufacturing.
Stainless steel
edit
by Edward G Budd Manufacturing Company of Philadelphia for John and Horace Dodge
During the Great Depression in the 1930s, Budd pioneered the fabrication of stainless steel and helped create the Pioneer Zephyr, a streamlined train for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Budd stainless steel railway cars were very successful for many years.[4] During World War II, Budd was also the original maker of the bazooka projectile and the rifle grenade. He and his company were also instrumental in the development of the radial disk brake and the automatic wheel line.[5]
Personal life
editBudd married Mary Wright in May 1899.[2] He had two sons, Edward G. Budd Jr. and Archibald W. Budd, and three daughters.[2]
Death
editBudd died on November 30, 1946, at his home in Philadelphia.[1] He is buried at West Laurel Hill Cemetery.[2]
Legacy
editBudd's Pioneer Zephyr was the first of many streamlined passenger trains. The original trainset is on permanent display at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.
In 1985, 40 years after his death, Edward G. Budd, the "father of the stainless-steel streamliner", was inducted into Dearborn, Michigan's Automotive Hall of Fame.[6][7]
In 2015, 70 years after his death, Edward G Budd was inducted into Galesburg, Illinois's National Railroad Hall of Fame.[8]
He also received the American Society of Mechanical Engineers's Medal.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e "E.G. Budd Dies; Industrial, 75, A Transit Pioneer". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 2, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved March 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e "E.G. Budd Dies; Industrial, 75, A Transit Pioneer (cont.)". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 2, 1946. p. 13. Retrieved March 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ page 106, George A Oliver, A History of Coachbuilding, Cassell, London, 1962
- ^ Illustrated Treasury of Budd Railway Passenger Cars: 1931–1981 by James Kerr (1981, Delta Publications). ISBN 0919295029.
- ^ See Illustrated Treasury of Budd Railway Passenger Cars, at 5.
- ^ "Edward Budd". The American Experience. PBS. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ "Edward G. Budd". Hall of Fame Inductees. Automotive Hall of Fame. 1985. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ Vantuono, William C. (October 31, 2015). "From Edward G. Budd to Bombardier Transportation". Railway Age. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- PBS Online / WGBH (2000) Edward G. Budd.
- President and Fellows of Harvard College (2004), 20th Century Great American Business Leaders: Edward G. Budd.
- Setright, L J K (2003). Drive On!. Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86207-698-7.
- Steel in our lives. Retrieved January 19, 2005
- White, John H. Jr. (Spring 1986). "America's Most Noteworthy Railroaders". Railroad History. 154: 9–15. ISSN 0090-7847. JSTOR 43523785. OCLC 1785797.