Isabella Fyvie Mayo (pen name, Edward Garrett; 10 December 1843 – 13 May 1914)[1] was a Scottish writer, poet, suffragist, and reformer.[2] With the help of friends, Fyvie Mayo published poems and stories, using the pseudonym, Edward Garrett.[3] Fyvie Mayo spent most of her life living in Aberdeen, where she was the first woman elected to a public board.[4] Fyvie Mayo was described as an "ethical anarchist, pacifist, anti-imperialist and anti-racist campaigner";[3] and her home was said to be "an asylum for Asian Indians".[5]
Isabella Fyvie Mayo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Isabella Fyvie 10 December 1843 London, England |
| Died | 13 May 1914 (aged 70) Aberdeen, Scotland |
| Pen name | Edward Garrett |
| Occupation | poet, novelist, suffragist, reformer |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Spouse |
John Ryall Mayo
(m. 1870; died 1877) |
| Relatives | Alexander Hislop Stephen Hislop |
| Signature | |
 | |
Early years and education
editIsabella Fyvie was born on 10 December 1843 in London of Scottish parents George Fyvie and Margaret Thomson.[1] As a child, her father told her the legends of Buchan, along with stories of his father's farm which the family had occupied for three hundred years.[6] Her father's people were staunch Scottish Episcopalians, one of them being the Dean of Moray and Ross.[6] Her mother's paternal ancestors belonged to the Border country and were all of the nonconforming religion, with her near relatives including Rev Alexander Hislop, Free Church, Arbroath, author of The Two Babylons, and the Rev Stephen Hislop, missionary and scientist in India. On the maternal side, her mother's family belonged to an old Aberdeen family of the Established Kirk.[6]
Younger by many years than the rest of the family, she was educated at a day school, where she took many prizes.[7]
Career
editFyvie Mayo's first impulse to literary work came from a relative, then a student at King's College London, who saw promise in her school essays and occasional poems, and suggested a literary career.[6] For seven years, Fyvie Mayo worked without being paid; and it was not until her "Occupations of a Retired Life" appeared in The Sunday Magazine that she felt encouraged to pursue her desire of a literary career.[6] Fyvie Mayo was only sixteen when she began working to pay off a family debt.[8] It enabled Fyvie Mayo to make her books helpful to others, and especially to those who were harassed by doubt.[6] At the age of 18, Fyvie Mayo made the acquaintance of Irish novelist Anna Maria Hall whose encouragement and practical help were of great use to her.[6]
In 1870, Isabella married John Ryall Mayo, a London lawyer,[9] who in 1854, became the first mayor of Yeovil.[10] Fyvie Mayo's husband was in delicate health, and this led to a Canadian tour, followed by residence in Surrey, of which there are glimpses in some of her stories.[11] In 1877, Fyvie Mayo became a widow, left with one son.[11] In the following year, Fyvie Mayo left London, which had then grown unendurable to her.[11] At first, she was in danger of lapsing into invalidism, but her health improved after moving to Aberdeen.[11]
Women's Suffrage
editIn Aberdeen, Fyvie Mayo became involved in the debates in the women's suffrage movement between those she called the 'suffragists of the old school' and the militant WSPU, and the "singularly effete" local activists linked so closely to the Women's Liberal Association that it was limited to "one shade of political opinion."[11] Fyvie Mayo favoured women's suffrage and spoke out for women's right to vote,[11] but her approach to the campaign changed over the years 1860 - 1912,[12] and her writings both reflected and criticised the changes in the movement, often regarding the middle class activists making choices that poorer women could not afford to make.[1] Fyvie Mayo may have spoken to Mahatma Gandhi, with whom she corresponded,[2] about the tactics of the women's movement.[12]
It is said that her writing and that of Elizabeth Mayhew Edmonds made Victorian readers aware of the leading role women played in the Greek War of Independence raising questions of gender and the role of women.[13]
Fyvie Mayo had a range of exchanges, as convenor of the local WSPU events,[14] with Emmeline Pankhurst and Helen Fraser, and in the local press with someone calling themselves 'Anti-Suffragette'.[11] The collection of some of her letters are held in the University of Aberdeen archive (women's suffrage)[15] and Fyvie Mayo was nominated for a blue memorial plaque in Aberdeen.[14]
Personal life
edit
Fyvie Mayo preferred to be known not as 'Mrs' or by her husband's name, as was the convention, but as Isabella Fyvie Mayo[14] although she is best known by her nom de plume, Edward Garrett, in the pages of The Sunday Magazine, Good Words, The Quiver, Sunday at Home, The Girl's Own Paper, Pall Mall Gazette, and others.[6]
George Ferdinands, a Sri Lankan whom Fyvie Mayo considered an adopted son, shared her Scottish home till her death.[9] Fyvie Mayo died in Aberdeen on 13 May 1914[16][1] of cancer and left her estate to Ferdinands.[12]
Style and themes
editFyvie Mayo's (as Edward Garrett) popular tales and sketches were charming and natural in detail, and showed that her sympathies were wide, while her narratives were drawn with power and accuracy.[6] Her ballads were remarkable for their simplicity and those lightly marked rhymes peculiar to that style of verse.[6] She also took easily to the measures of the sonnet, and her utterances possessed directness of thought, as well as depth of imagination and artistic finish.[6]
Selected works
edit- Occupations of a Retired Life (1868)
- The Crust of the Cake (1869)
- Seen and Heard (1871)
- Premiums paid to Experience (1872)
- Crooked Places (1873)
- By Still Waters (1874)
- Doing and Dreaming (1876)
- Not by Bread Alone (1890)
- Her Day of Service (1892)
- A Black Diamond (1893)
- Rab Bethuene's Double (1894)
- A Daughter of the Klephts (1897)
- A Nine Days Wonder (1898)
- Other People's Stairs (1898)
- Crystal Joyce (1899)
- Recollections of Fifty Years, autobiography (1910)
References
edit- ^ a b c d Plaskitt, Emma (23 September 2004). "Mayo [née Fyvie], Isabella [pseud. Edward Garrett] (1843–1914), novelist and essayist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/55957. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b "Isabella Fyvie Mayo ("Edward Garrett")". minorvictorianwriters.org.uk. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b Afeosemime U. Adogame; Andrew G. Lawrence, eds. (2014). Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa : historical legacies and contemporary hybridities. Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-27690-1. OCLC 894625065.
- ^ Diack, William (1939). History of the Trades Council and the Trade Union Movement in Aberdeen. Trades Council.
- ^ Dray, Philip (2003). At the hands of persons unknown : the lynching of Black America. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-307-43066-3. OCLC 608566186.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Edwards, David Herschell (1888). One Hundred Modern Scottish Poets: With Biographical and Critical Notices. unknown library. Edwards. pp. 126–133.
- ^ Edwards 1888, p. 126.
- ^ Ewan, Innes & Reynolds 2006, p. 262.
- ^ a b Ewan, Innes & Reynolds 2006.
- ^ Vickery, Daniel (1856). A Sketch of the Town of Yeovil: Describing Its Natural Features of Site and Soil, Its Staple Trade, and Ancient and Present Government, with Brief Accounts of Its Ecclesiastical and Other Buildings, Its Banking Establishments, Church-lands, Schools, Almshouses, and Other Charities, Etc. Etc. Yeovil: Western Flying Post Steam Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pedersen, Sarah (3 July 2017). The Scottish suffragettes and the press. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-53834-5. OCLC 992988822.
- ^ a b c Moore, Lindy. "Isabella Fyvie Mayo (1843-1914)". Exploring Surrey's Past. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ Mitsi, Efterpi (August 2022). "Revolutionary Greece in Victorian popular literature". Literature Compass. 19 (9). doi:10.1111/lic3.12679. S2CID 251707703.
- ^ a b c "Isabella Fyvie Mayo, "Edward Garrett" (1843-1914)". OOCities.
- ^ "Women Suffragists". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ Aflalo, Frederick George; Jacobs, Joseph; Gilbert, Henry; Morrah, Herbert Arthur; Stewart, Basil; Meredith, Mark (1915). The Literary Year-book. G. Routledge.
Attribution
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Edwards, David Herschell (1888). One Hundred Modern Scottish Poets: With Biographical and Critical Notices (Public domain ed.). Edwards. p. 126.- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Routledge, G. (1915). The Literary Year-book (Public domain ed.). G. Routledge.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Vickery, Daniel (1856). A Sketch of the Town of Yeovil: Describing Its Natural Features of Site and Soil, Its Staple Trade, and Ancient and Present Government, with Brief Accounts of Its Ecclesiastical and Other Buildings, Its Banking Establishments, Church-lands, Schools, Almshouses, and Other Charities, Etc. Etc (Public domain ed.). Western Flying Post Steam Press.
Bibliography
edit- BRILL (29 September 2014). Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Hybridities. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-27690-1.
- Diack, William (1939). History of the Trades Council and the trade union movement in Aberdeen. Printed for the Trades Council.
- Dray, Philip (18 December 2007). At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-43066-3.
- Ewan, Elizabeth L.; Innes, Sue; Reynolds, Sian (8 March 2006). The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2660-1.
- Pedersen, Sarah (3 July 2017). The Scottish Suffragettes and the Press. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-137-53834-5.
External links
edit
- Works by Isabella Fyvie Mayo at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Edward Garrett at the Internet Archive
- Works by or about Isabella Fyvie Mayo at the Internet Archive
- Isabella Fyvie Mayo, "Edward Garrett" (1843–1914) at the On-line Books site
- Isabella Fyvie Mayo, "Edward Garrett" (1843–1914) at the Wayback Machine (archived 26 October 2009)
- Moore, Lindy (19 January 2010). "The reputation of Isabella Fyvie Mayo: interpretations of a life". Women's History Review. 19 (1). Taylor & Francis: 71–88. doi:10.1080/09612020903444676. S2CID 144092462. Retrieved 26 December 2020.