The Eel River were a historic Native American tribe from Indiana.[1]
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| no longer a distinct tribe, merged into the rest of the Miami people[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| United States (Indiana) | |
| Languages | |
| Miami–Illinois language | |
| Religion | |
| Indigenous religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Wea, Piankashaw, and other Miami people[1] |
At the time of European contact in the mid-18th century, the tribe lived the northern Eel River, a tributary of the Wabash River in what is now Cass County, Indiana.[1]
They were a sub-tribe of the Miami people and spoke an Algonquian language.[1]
History
edit18th century
editIn 1765, the Eel River tribe lived in a village north of where the Eel entered the Wabash River.[1] The Kentucky militia attached and destroyed their village, so survivors founded a new village near Sugar Creek in what is now Boone County, Indiana.[1] The village was named Kawiakiungi or "Place of Thorns."[2] A historical marker comemorates their cemetery, near Thorntown, Indiana.[2]
After fighting the Americans in the 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, they signed the 1795 Treaty of Greenville.[1] Through this and subsequent treaties, they ceded their land in Boone County for land in what is now Miami County, Indiana.[1]
19th century
editIn the 1814 treaty, the Eel River Indians, along with the Wea, were named part of the "Miami Nation of Indians"; however, the U.S. acknowledged them as a distinct tribe in 1847 and they were allowed to remain in Indiana when the Miami were forcibly removed to Kansas and later Indian Territory.[1]
By 1851, of the only 19 Eel River Indians, 16 stayed in Indiana, while three moved with the Miami to Kansas and later Indian Territory in 1873. In 1889, they enrolled as part of the Miami.[1]
Descendants
editDescendants of the Eel River Indians who migrated to Kansas and Indian Territory are enrolled citizens of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma today.[1]
Cultural heritage group
editMichael Glen Floyd formed the Eel River Tribe of Indiana, an unrecognized organization. The group is not federally recognized, state recognized, or a nonprofit organization.[3] In 2006, Floyd submitted a letter of intent to petition the federal recognition for recognition but did not submit a completed petition.[4] In 2021, Floyd filed the lawsuit Michael Glen Floyd v. State of Indiana, et al., which also listed State of New Mexico, Miami Nation of Indiana, Eiteljorg Museum, Jack Floyd Jr., and others as defendants, in the U.S. District Court, District on Columbia; however, his case was dismissed.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l May, Jon D. "Eel River". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ a b "Indian Cemetery Eel River Tribe of Miamis". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ Federal Funding for Non-Federally Recognized Tribes (PDF). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office. April 2021. p. 12.
- ^ Federal Funding for Non-Federally Recognized Tribes (PDF). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office. April 2021. p. 13.
- ^ "Floyd v. State". Casetext. November 12, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Further reading
edit- Eckert, Allan W., That Dark and Bloody River. (New York: Bantam Books, 1995) p. xviii
External links
edit- Miami Nation, Oklahoma
- Miami Nation of Indiana
- Treaties signed by the Eel River Indians, IDA Treaties Explorer