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81st United States Congress

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The 81st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1951, during the fifth and sixth years of Harry S. Truman's presidency.

81st United States Congress
80th ←
→ 82nd
United States Capitol (1956)
January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951
Members96 senators
435 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentVacant
(until January 20, 1949)
Alben W. Barkley (D)
(from January 20, 1949)
House majorityDemocratic
House SpeakerSam Rayburn (D)
Sessions
1st: January 3, 1949 – October 19, 1949
2nd: January 3, 1950 – January 2, 1951

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1940 United States census.

The Democrats won back the majority in both chambers, and with the election of President Harry S. Truman to his own full term in office, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta.

Major events

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Main articles: 1949 in the United States, 1950 in the United States, and 1951 in the United States
  • January 20, 1949: President Harry S. Truman began his second (only full) term. Alben W. Barkley began his term as Vice President, which had been vacant since 1945.
  • August 16, 1949: Office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff created
  • January 21, 1950: Accused communist spy Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury
  • January 31, 1950: President Truman ordered the development of the hydrogen bomb, in response to the detonation of the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb in 1949
  • June 27, 1950: Korean War: President Truman ordered American military forces to aid in the defense of South Korea

Major legislation

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Civil libertarians and radical political activists considered the McCarran Act to be a dangerous and unconstitutional infringement of political liberty, as exemplified in this 1961 poster.
Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 81st United States Congress

Treaties

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Hearings

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Mobster Frank Costello testifying before the Kefauver Committee.

Party summary

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Senate

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Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 45 51 96 0
Begin 54 42 96 0
End 53 43
Final voting share 55.2% 44.8%
Beginning of next congress 49 47 96 0

House of Representatives

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House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+ to 100% Democratic
  80+ to 100% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
American
Labor
(AL) 		Democratic
(D)		Liberal
(Lib)		Republican
(R)		Independent
(I)
End of previous congress 2 186 0 242 0 430 5
Begin 1 262 0 171 0 434 1
End 259 1 168 4296
Final voting share 0.2% 60.4% 0.2% 39.2% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 0 235 0 199 1 435 0

Leadership

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Senate President
 
Alben W. Barkley
Senate President pro tempore
 
Kenneth McKellar
House Speaker
 
House Speaker
Sam Rayburn

Senate

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Majority (Democratic) leadership

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Minority (Republican) leadership

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House of Representatives

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Majority (Democratic) leadership

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Minority (Republican) leadership

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Caucuses

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Members

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Senate

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Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1950; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1952; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1954.

House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

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The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

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See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
Senate changes
State
(class) 		Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[b]
Kentucky
(3) 		Alben W. Barkley (D) Incumbent resigned January 19, 1949, to become U.S. Vice President.
Successor appointed January 20, 1949, to finish the term. 		Garrett Withers (D) January 20, 1949
North Carolina
(2) 		J. Melville Broughton (D) Incumbent died March 6, 1949.
Successor appointed March 29, 1949, to continue the term. 		Frank Porter Graham (D) March 29, 1949
New York
(3) 		Robert F. Wagner (D) Incumbent resigned June 28, 1949, due to ill health.
Successor appointed July 7, 1949, to continue the term. 		John Foster Dulles (R) July 7, 1949
Rhode Island
(1) 		J. Howard McGrath (D) Incumbent resigned August 23, 1949, to become U.S. Attorney General.
Successor appointed to continue the term. 		Edward L. Leahy (D) August 24, 1949
Idaho
(2) 		Bert H. Miller (D) Incumbent died October 8, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor later elected November 7, 1950. 		Henry Dworshak (R) October 14, 1949
Kansas
(3) 		Clyde M. Reed (R) Incumbent died November 8, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term. 		Harry Darby (R) December 2, 1949
New York
(3) 		John Foster Dulles (R) Interim appointee lost November 8, 1949, election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1949. 		Herbert H. Lehman (D) November 9, 1949
Connecticut
(1) 		Raymond E. Baldwin (R) Incumbent resigned December 16, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor later elected November 7, 1950. 		William Benton (D) December 17, 1949
Kentucky
(3) 		Garrett Withers (D) Interim appointee resigned November 26, 1950, to trigger special election.
Successor elected November 7, 1950. 		Earle Clements (D) November 27, 1950
North Carolina
(2) 		Frank Porter Graham (D) Interim appointee lost November 7, 1950, election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 7, 1950. 		Willis Smith (D) November 27, 1950
Kansas
(3) 		Harry Darby (R) Interim appointee retired November 28, 1950, when successor elected.
Successor elected November 29, 1950. 		Frank Carlson (R) November 29, 1950
California
(3) 		Sheridan Downey (D) Incumbent resigned November 30, 1950, due to ill health.
Successor appointed to finish term, having already been elected to the next term. 		Richard Nixon (R) December 1, 1950
Rhode Island
(1) 		Edward L. Leahy (D) Interim appointee retired December 18, 1950, when successor elected.
Successor elected December 19, 1950. 		John Pastore (D) December 19, 1950

House of Representatives

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See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[b]
New York 7th Vacant Rep. John J. Delaney died during previous congress Louis B. Heller (D) February 15, 1949
New York 20th Sol Bloom (D) Died March 7, 1949. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (Lib) May 17, 1949
New York 10th Andrew Lawrence Somers (D) Died April 6, 1949. Edna F. Kelly (D) November 8, 1949
Pennsylvania 26th Robert L. Coffey (D) Died April 20, 1949. John P. Saylor (R) September 13, 1949
California 5th Richard J. Welch (R) Died September 10, 1949. John F. Shelley (D) November 8, 1949
Massachusetts 6th George J. Bates (R) Died November 1, 1949. William H. Bates (R) February 14, 1950
Illinois 5th Martin Gorski (D) Died December 4, 1949. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term
New Jersey 7th J. Parnell Thomas (R) Resigned January 2, 1950, following conviction on charges of salary fraud. William B. Widnall (R) February 6, 1950
Virginia 1st S. Otis Bland (D) Died February 16, 1950. Edward J. Robeson Jr. (D) May 2, 1950
Illinois 13th Ralph E. Church (R) Died March 21, 1950. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term
Texas 18th Eugene Worley (D) Resigned April 3, 1950, to become associate judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. Ben H. Guill (R) May 6, 1950
Michigan 16th John Lesinski Sr. (D) Died May 27, 1950. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term
North Dakota at-large William Lemke (R) Died May 30, 1950. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term
North Carolina 11th Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D) Died August 31, 1950. Woodrow W. Jones (D) November 7, 1950
Kansas 3rd Herbert Alton Meyer (R) Died October 2, 1950. Myron V. George (R) November 7, 1950
California 12th Richard Nixon (R) Resigned November 30, 1950, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term
Wyoming at-large Frank A. Barrett (R) Resigned December 31, 1950, after being elected Governor of Wyoming. Vacant Not filled for the remainder of this term

Committees

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Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Joint committees

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Employees

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Legislative branch agency directors

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Senate

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House of Representatives

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and are counted as Democrats.
  2. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

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  1. ^ Official Congressional Directory for the 81st Congress, 1st Session. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1949.
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