José Monje Cruz (5 December 1950 – 2 July 1992), better known by his stage name Camarón de la Isla, was a Spanish Romani flamenco singer. Considered one of the all-time greatest flamenco singers, he was noted for his collaborations with Paco de Lucía and Tomatito, and the three of them were of major importance to the revival of flamenco in the second half of the 20th century.[1]
Camarón de la Isla | |
|---|---|
 Camarón de la Isla | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | José Monje Cruz |
| Born | 5 December 1950 San Fernando (Cádiz), Spain |
| Died | 2 July 1992 (aged 41) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain |
| Genres | |
| Occupations |
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| Instruments | |
| Years active | 1969–1992 |
| Formerly of | |
| Website | www |
Early life
editHe was born in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain, into a Spanish Romani family, the seventh of eight children. His mother was Juana Cruz Castro, a "Canastera", literally a basket weaver, and meaning from a wandering Roma family, and whose gift of singing was a strong early influence.
His father, Juan Luis Monje, was also a singer as well as a blacksmith, and had a forge where Camarón worked as a boy.[2] His uncle José nicknamed him Camarón (Spanish for "Shrimp") because he was blonde and fair skinned.[3]
When his father died of asthma, while still very young, the family went through financial hardship. At the age of eight he began to sing at inns and bus stops with Rancapino to earn money. At sixteen, he won first prize at the Festival del Cante Jondo in Mairena del Alcor.[2] Camarón then went to Madrid with Miguel de los Reyes and in 1968 became a resident artist at the Tablao Torres Bermejas, where he remained for twelve years.[1]
Musical career
edit
During his time at Tablao Torres Bermejas, he met Paco de Lucía, with whom he recorded nine albums between 1969 and 1977. The two toured extensively together during this period.[4] As Paco de Lucía became more occupied with solo concert commitments, Camarón worked with the flamenco guitarist Tomatito.
In 1976, at the age of 25, Camarón married Dolores Montoya, a Romani girl from La Línea de la Concepción whom he nicknamed "La Chispa" (The Spark).[5] At the time La Chispa was 16. The couple had four children.
Many consider Camarón to be the single most popular and influential flamenco cantaor (singer) of the modern period.[6] In his recordings and collaborations, he sought to incorporate contemporary elements and expand the appeal of flamenco, for example by recording with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, whilst staying true to the genre's roots.[7][8] Although his work was criticized by some traditionalists, he was one of the first to feature an electric bass in his songs. This was a turning point in the history of Flamenco music that helped distinguish Nuevo Flamenco.
When Camarón was already a recognised artist, internationally acclaimed for his authenticity and depth, he received an offer from the Rolling Stones. Mick Jagger personally wanted them to play together. According to his biographer Alfonso Rodríguez, Camarón said: "If they don't know anything about flamenco, what am I going to sing for them?" Mick Jagger called him several times and offered him a lot of money, but Camaron preferred to stay in Andalusia and not complicate his life.[9]
He also turned down an offer from the Gipsy Kings to be part of their tour of Latin America. According to his wife, Dolores Montoya, La Chispa, they offered him "a Mercedes convertible, 50 million pesetas and insurance for what could happen" and he turned it down. For him, his family was the main priority.[9]
Health issues and death
editIn later years, his health deteriorated due to heavy smoking and some level of drug abuse.[10][11]
In 1992, Camarón de la Isla died of lung cancer in Badalona, Spain.[12] He was buried in a Catholic ceremony at the cemetery of San Fernando as he wanted. It was estimated that 100,000 people attended his funeral.[13]
Posthumous awards and recognitions
editOn 5 December 2000 the Ministry of Culture of the Junta de Andalucía posthumously awarded to Camaron the 'Llave de Oro del Cante', the Golden Key of Flamenco.[14] This was only the fourth key awarded since 1862.
In 2005, film director Jaime Chávarri released the biopic Camarón in Spain starring Óscar Jaenada as Camarón and Verónica Sánchez as La Chispa. The film, produced in consultation with Camarón's widow, was subsequently nominated for several Goya Awards.
In 2006, Isaki Lacuesta directed La Leyenda del Tiempo (The Legend of Time), in which a Japanese woman visits Camarón's birthplace to learn to sing exactly like him.
In 2018, the documentary film Camarón: Flamenco y Revolución (Camarón: The Film), from the Spanish director Alexis Morante, was released through Netflix. In an interview, the director would say that one of his goals with the film was "to explain how the myth was built".[15]
In 2021 a museum devoted to the singer was opened in San Fernando.[16]
Partial discography
edit
With Paco de Lucía:
- Al Verte las Flores Lloran (1969)
- Cada Vez que Nos Miramos (1970)
- Son Tus Ojos Dos Estrellas (1971)
- Canastera (1972)
- Caminito de Totana (1973)
- Soy Caminante (1974)
- Arte y Majestad (1975)
- Rosa María (1976)
- Castillo de Arena (1977)
- Camaron en la Venta de Vargas (2004)
With Paco de Lucía and Tomatito:
- Como el Agua (1981)
- Calle Real (1983)
- Viviré (1984)
- Potro de Rabia y Miel (1992)
With Tomatito:
- Te lo Dice Camarón (1986)
- Flamenco Vivo (1987)
- Soy Gitano (1991)
- Camarón Nuestro (1994)
- Paris 1987 (1999)
Other:
- La Leyenda del Tiempo (1979) (Released as a solo album)
- Como El Agua (1981)
- Soy Gitano (1989) (Released with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, with guest appearances by Tomatito)
- Camarón: Reencuentro (2008)
Contributing artist:
The titles given for the first five albums with Paco de Lucía are those in popular usage, being the titles of the first tracks. Formally, all of them are entitled El Camarón de la Isla con la colaboración especial de Paco de Lucía, as shown in the album cover image included above, with the exception of Canastera.
References
edit- ^ a b Ham, Anthony (2008). Madrid: City Guide. Lonely Planet. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-74104-895-7.
- ^ a b Sweeney, Philip (28 November 1991). The Virgin directory of world music. Virgin. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-86369-378-6. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ LOS40 (20 January 2023). "Camarón de la isla o cómo la influencia de un marisco consagró a una leyenda del flamenco | Actualidad". LOS40 (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Pohren, D. E. (1992). Paco de Lucía and Family: The Master Plan. Society of Spanish Studies. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-933224-62-9.
- ^ Heredia, Juan de Dios Ramírez (1 January 2005). Matrimonio y boda de los gitanos y de los "payos". Centro de Producción Editorial y Divulgación Audiovisual. p. 308. ISBN 978-84-934453-0-0. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ "BBC World Service - Witness History, Camaron - Flamenco Legend". BBC. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ "Obituary: Camaron de la Isla". The Independent. 6 July 1992. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ Vivar, F. (2011). "Algunas notas en torno al flamenco y a Camarón de la Isla" [Some Notes on Flamenco and Camarón de la Isla]. Confluencia (in Spanish). 27 (1): 138–147. ISSN 0888-6091. JSTOR 41350546. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024 – via JSTOR.
- ^ a b RTVE (1 August 2023). "Camarón rechazó a Mick Jagger: la historia desconocida". RTVE.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ Pohren, Donn E. (2005). The Art of Flamenco. Bold Strummer Ltd. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-933224-02-5.
- ^ Aragón – Guidebook Chapter. Lonely Planet. 1 June 2012. p. 161. ISBN 978-1-74321-253-0.
- ^ Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1992. p. 77. ISSN 0006-2510.
- ^ Bryant, Tony (3 July 2017). "Camarón, the gypsy god of flamenco". surinenglish. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ Ruiz, Manuel Ríos (2002). El gran libro del flamenco: Intérpretes. Calambur. p. 193. ISBN 9788488015952.
- ^ "'Flamenco Revolution' on Netflix: Camarón de la Isla Doc & Series Debut Worldwide". Billboard. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ "Camaron narra su leyenda en primera persona" (in Spanish). July 2021. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- Atienza, Antonio. «Camarón se escribe con j.». Andalucía Información. Consultado el 21 de mayo de 2017.