Elisha Hunt Allen (January 28, 1804 – January 1, 1883) was an American congressman, lawyer and diplomat, and judge and diplomat for the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Elisha Hunt Allen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kingdom of Hawaii Minister to U.S. | |
| In office 1856–1883 | |
| President | Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield Chester A. Arthur |
| Preceded by | William Little Lee |
| Succeeded by | Henry A. P. Carter |
| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi | |
| In office June 4, 1857 – February 22, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | William Little Lee |
| Succeeded by | Charles Coffin Harris |
| 3rd Hawaiian Minister of Finance | |
| In office September 6, 1853 – June 11, 1857 | |
| Appointed by | Kamehameha III |
| Preceded by | Gerrit P. Judd |
| Succeeded by | Robert Crichton Wyllie |
| United States Council to Hawaii | |
| In office 1850–1853 | |
| President | Millard Fillmore |
| Preceded by | Joel Turrill |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Franklin Angel |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine's 8th district | |
| In office March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Davee |
| Succeeded by | District eliminated |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 28, 1804 New Salem, Massachusetts |
| Died | January 1, 1883 (aged 78) The White House, Washington, D.C. |
| Resting place | Mount Auburn Cemetery |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouses | Sarah Elizabeth Fessenden
(m. 1828; died 1845)Mary Harrod Hobbs
(after 1857) |
| Children | 6, including William, Frederick |
| Parent(s) | Samuel Clesson Allen Mary Hunt Allen |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Signature |  |
Early life
editElisha Hunt Allen was born January 28, 1804, in New Salem, Massachusetts. His father was Massachusetts minister, lawyer, and politician Samuel Clesson Allen (1772–1842) and mother was Mary (née Hunt) Allen (1774–1833).
He attended New Salem Academy and graduated from Williams College in 1823.[1]
Career
editAllen was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Brattleboro, Vermont. In 1830 he moved to Bangor, Maine and entered into practice with John Appleton (born 1804), who would subsequently become Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court. Appleton would also marry Allen's sister Sarah in 1834.[2] Allen was a member of Bangor's first City Council, from 1834, and from 1835 to 1840 was a member of the Maine House of Representatives, representing Bangor. He served as its Speaker in 1838. From 1841 until 1843, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives as a member of the Whig party, but his district (Maine's 8th congressional district) was eliminated before the next election based on census data. He ran in the 1842 election against Hannibal Hamlin but was defeated.[3]
Following this loss, Allen ran for the Maine Legislature once more, serving one term before moving from Bangor to Boston in 1847 and being elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1849.
Kingdom of Hawaii
editFrom 1850 to 1853, he was United States Consul in Honolulu, Hawaii under president Millard Fillmore. He realized the potential for the Hawaiian Islands to provide agricultural products to the growing number of people in the California Gold Rush and tried to negotiate a trade treaty but failed.[4]
When he was replaced by an appointment from the Democratic Party president Franklin Pierce in August 1853, he decided to stay due to the severe shortage of legal professionals, and became a citizen of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Within weeks he was appointed Minister of Finance for King Kamehameha III replacing Gerrit P. Judd, and from 1854 to 1856 served in the House of Nobles.[5] He openly advocated annexation of the islands by the United States, and opposed French and British influence. However, when King Kamehameha IV (who was considered pro-British) came to the throne in 1855, the annexation idea was put on hold.[3] During Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma's wedding in 1856, he offered his own wedding band to the king to allow the ceremony to continue.
In June 1856, Allen sailed back to New England and remarried in Philadelphia. The newly married couple returned to Honolulu, where from June 1857 through February 1877, Allen was chief justice of the Kingdom of Hawaii Supreme Court.[5] The Allens' first-born son, Frederick, was born ten days after Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa, and the two children became playmates.[6] The prince died when he was only four years old.
Minister to the United States
editFrom 1856 until his death in 1883, Allen served as Minister Plenipotentiary from the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States. In August 1864, he served as Chancellor for the coronation of King Kamehameha V under the new 1864 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[5] In 1864, he tried again to negotiate a trade treaty. During the American Civil War sugar shipments from the American South were interrupted, increasing the demand from Hawaii.
In 1867, he bought a sugarcane plantation in an area called Princeville, Hawaii after the young Prince brought up with his son. He negotiated for the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 which this time was signed by Ulysses S. Grant. The treaty removed tariffs but gave the U.S. the use of Pearl Harbor, which was not a popular concession with native Hawaiians. He left his son William Fessenden Allen from his first marriage in charge of the plantation, and went to Washington, D.C. to work out details of the trade agreement.[4]
He returned briefly to Hawaii, but his two children from his second marriage were back in the United States, so he resigned his supreme court post and went back to Washington in February 1877. The plantation did not live up to his hopes. By 1879 it was losing money, in debt with a mortgage, and needed a new manager. He wondered if it was doomed to a fate similar to the prince for which it was named. Finally the plantation paid dividends starting in 1882.[4]
Personal life and death
edit
In 1828, he married Sarah Elizabeth Fessenden, the daughter of William Fessenden and niece of author Thomas Green Fessenden. They had four children before her death in 1845, including:[7]
- Ellen Fessenden Allen (1831–1881), who married George Tiffany. After his death, she married Henry Adams Patterson,[8] and, thirdly, Charles Coffin Harris (1822–1881), her father's successor as Chief Justice and Chancellor.[9]
- William Fessenden Allen (1831–1906), who married Cordelia Church Bishop (1837–1912), cousin of banker Charles Reed Bishop.[10] William also served as Collector-General of the port of Honolulu.[11]
- Elisha Hunt Allen Jr. (1836–1906), who served as Hawaiian consul in New York[12] and who married Julia Anne Herrick (1839–1913).[13]
- Sarah Fessenden Allen (1837–1901), who married Dr. William Palmer Wesselhoeft (1835–1909), one of the founders of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital.[14][15]
In June 1856, he sailed back to New England and married Mary Harrod Hobbs (b. 1808) (sometimes spelled Hobbes) in Philadelphia on March 11, 1857.[6] Mary was daughter of another former Maine legislator Frederick Hobbs. Together, they were the parents of two children, including:
- Frederick Hobbes Allen (1858–1937), who served as his father's secretary, graduated from Harvard Law School in 1883, and become a law partner of his firm Adams & Allen in New York.[7]
- Mary Allen[11]
He died from a heart attack at the White House New Year's Reception for the Washington Diplomatic Corps given by president Chester Arthur at the White House on January 1, 1883, shortly before his 79th birthday.[4] Allen is one of ten people known to have died inside the White House.[16] He is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ United States Congress. "Elisha H. Allen (id: A000120)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ Nehemiah Cleaveland; Alpheus Spring Packard, eds. (1882). History of Bowdoin college: With biographical sketches of its graduates, from 1806 to 1879, inclusive. J. R. Osgood & Co. p. 237.
- ^ a b Paul T. Burlin (2006). "Chapter 6: Elisha Hunt Allen and the search for "Competency"". Imperial Maine and Hawai'i: interpretive essays in the history of nineteenth-century American expansion. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1466-7.
- ^ a b c d Rhoda E. A. Hackler (1982). "Princeville Plantation Papers". Hawaiian Journal of History. 16. Hawaiian Historical Society: 65–85. hdl:10524/630.
- ^ a b c "Allen, Elisha Hunt office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
- ^ a b Rhoda E. A. Hackler (1992). "Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Leiopapa a Kamehameha, Prince of Hawai'i". Hawaiian Journal of History. 26. Hawaiian Historical Society: 21–44. hdl:10524/349.
- ^ a b The National cyclopaedia of American biography. Vol. 9. J.T. White. 1899. p. 32.
- ^ Index to Marriages and Deaths in the New York Herald: 1835-1855. Genealogical Publishing Com. 1987. p. 56. ISBN 9780806311845. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Fessenden, Edwin Allan (1971). The Fessenden Family in America. p. 669. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "Death Carries off an Eminent Citizen". Hawaiian Gazette. February 6, 1906. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
- ^ a b Williams, Henry Clay (1893). American Encyclopaedia of Biography. Metropolitan Publishing and Engraving Company. pp. 145–157. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Burlin, Paul T. (2008). Imperial Maine and Hawai'i: Interpretative Essays in the History of Nineteenth Century American Expansion. Lexington Books. p. 158. ISBN 9780739127186. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Herrick, Jedediah (1885). Herrick Genealogy: A Genealogical Register of the Name and Family of Herrick from the Settlement of Henerie Hericke, in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629 to 1846, with a Concise Notice of Their English Ancestry. Priv. print. p. 92. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Croll, Philip Columbus; Schuler, Henry Addison; Kriebel, Howard Wiegner (1909). The Penn Germania: A Popular Journal of German History and Ideals in the United States. P.C. Croll. p. 582. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Marquis, Albert Nelson (1915). Who's Who in New England: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men and Women of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. A.N. Marquis & Company. p. 1133. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "Who has died in the White House?". whitehousehistory.org.
Further reading
edit- American National Biography. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 1999. pp. 307–308. ISBN 978-0-19-520635-7.
- History of Penobscot County, Maine (Cleveland, 1882), p. 211
- Rhoda Elizabeth Armstrong Hackler (1972). "Elisha Hunt Allen, son of New England - man of Hawaii". Thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. University of Hawaii.
External links
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