Emanuel Cleaver II (born October 26, 1944) is a United Methodist pastor and American politician who has represented Missouri's 5th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2005. He was previously the mayor of Kansas City, Missouri from 1991-1999.
Emanuel Cleaver | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2023 | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri's 5th district | |
| Assumed office January 3, 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Karen McCarthy |
| Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus | |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Barbara Lee |
| Succeeded by | Marcia Fudge |
| 51st Mayor of Kansas City | |
| In office 1991–1999 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Berkley |
| Succeeded by | Kay Barnes |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Emanuel Cleaver II October 26, 1944 Waxahachie, Texas, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Dianne Cleaver |
| Education | Prairie View A&M University (BS) Saint Paul School of Theology (MDiv) |
| Website | House website |
Cleaver represents a district that primarily consists of the inner ring of the Kansas City metropolitan area, including nearly all of Kansas City and some of its suburbs in Clay and Jackson counties, including North Kansas City, Gladstone, Independence, Lee's Summit, and some of Blue Springs. He is a member of the Democratic Party, and chaired the Congressional Black Caucus from 2011 to 2013.
In his 10th term in Congress as of 2023[update], Cleaver previously served three terms on the Kansas City Council from 1979 to 1991, until he was elected mayor, serving two terms from 1991 to 1999.
Early life, education, and career
editEmanuel Cleaver II was born on October 26, 1944, in Waxahachie, Texas.[1] He grew up in public housing in Wichita Falls, Texas. He graduated from Prairie View A&M University, where he was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, in 1972.[1][2] Cleaver then moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he founded a branch of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference[3] and received a Master of Divinity degree from St. Paul School of Theology.[4]
Cleaver was the pastor at the St. James United Methodist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1972 to 2009.[5]
Kansas City councilman and mayor
editCleaver served as a Kansas City councilman from 1979 to 1991 and as mayor of Kansas City from 1991 until 1999.[3] He was Kansas City's first African American mayor.[6]
David Helling, an opinion columnist for the Kansas City Star, wrote of Cleaver's tenure as mayor: "Kansas City's first African-American mayor defined the modern concept of the job: a professional staff, high visibility and a clear agenda. He was also a moral leader. His speech at a local rally after the Rodney King verdict averted a riot and was his finest moment. Yet Cleaver's actual record as mayor is spotty. Tax and spending initiatives floundered at the polls, and City Hall scandal was common. The crime rate was far too high."[7]
Cleaver is a cousin of exiled Kansas City Black Panther leader Pete O'Neal. In 1997, Cleaver unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a pardon for O'Neal from President Bill Clinton.[8] Cleaver is also a cousin of the late Eldridge Cleaver, another prominent figure in the Black Panther Party.[9]
U.S. House of Representatives
editAfter the compromise Budget Control Act deal had been reached to resolve the 2011 debt-ceiling crisis, Cleaver called the deal a "sugar-coated Satan sandwich".[10]
Committee assignments
edit- Committee on Financial Services
- Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance (Ranking Member)
- Subcommittee on Capital Markets
Caucus membership
edit- Congressional Black Caucus[11]
- Congressional Coalition on Adoption[12]
- Congressional Equality Caucus[13]
- Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment[14]
Tenure
editDuring his tenure, Cleaver has voted with the Democratic Party 95.8% of the time.[15] He has been recognized as "not shy about earmarks" and has brought many federal tax dollars back to Kansas City.[16] As of 2022, he had voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time, according to FiveThirtyEight.[17]
Cleaver has called for ethics charges against fellow U.S. Representatives Charlie Rangel and Maxine Waters to be dropped, saying, "The process has been tainted."[18]
On December 18, 2019, Cleaver voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump and is one of only two Missouri House members to do so, along with Lacy Clay.[19]
Office attack
editOn September 11, 2014, around 2:50 a.m., what appeared to be a Molotov cocktail was thrown through the window of Cleaver's Kansas City office. He was in Washington D.C. at the time and no staff members were present during the attack.[20]
Political campaigns
edit
In late 2003, Karen McCarthy, who had represented the 5th congressional district since 1995, announced her retirement. Though he served in city government for 20 years, including eight as mayor, Cleaver initially posted weak numbers in the Democratic primary and general elections, but defeated former Clinton Administration official Jamie Metzl in the Democratic primary, 60%-40%. In the general election, Republican Jeanne Patterson made the race far more competitive than conventional wisdom would suggest for the district, which has long been reckoned as Missouri's second-most Democratic district, behind the St. Louis-based 1st. The Democrats have held this seat for all but eight years since 1909, and without interruption since 1949. McCarthy won 65% of the vote in 2002.
2008 Democratic presidential primary election
editDuring the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, Cleaver endorsed Hillary Clinton.[21] He claimed that African American superdelegates who supported Clinton were subjected to harassment, threatened with primary opponents and called "Uncle Tom." He said they were told, "'You’re not black if you’re not supporting Barack Obama' … It's ugly."[22] On March 30, 2008, Cleaver said he realized he was on the losing team: "Even though I don't expect the Kansas City Chiefs to beat the Indianapolis Colts, I cheer for the Kansas City Chiefs."[23] According to BlackMissouri.com.,[24] U.S. Representative Jesse Jackson Jr. of Illinois asked Cleaver, "If it comes down to the last day and you're the only superdelegate? … Do you want to go down in history as the one to prevent a black from winning the White House?" Cleaver said, "I told him I'd think about it." Cleaver said during the primary he'd be shocked if Obama wasn't the next president but made clear he still supported Clinton until she suspended her bid.
Political positions
editCleaver voted to provide Israel with support following 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.[25][26]
Electoral history
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Emanuel Cleaver | 50,204 | 53 | |
| Nonpartisan | Bob Lewellen | 43,989 | 47 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Emanuel Cleaver | 51,057 | 55 | |
| Nonpartisan | Dan Cofran | 41,024 | 45 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 161,727 | 55.19 | |
| Republican | Jeanne Patterson | 123,431 | 42.12 | |
| Libertarian | Rick Bailie | 5,827 | 1.99 | |
| Constitution | Darin Rodenberg | 2,040 | 0.70 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 136,149 | 64.25 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 68,456 | 32.30 | |
| Libertarian | Randy Langkraehr | 7,314 | 3.45 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 197,249 | 64.37 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 109,166 | 35.63 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 102,076 | 53.32 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 84,578 | 44.18 | |
| Libertarian | Randy Langkraehr | 3,077 | 1.61 | |
| Constitution | Dave Lay | 1,692 | 0.88 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 200,290 | 60.52 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 122,149 | 36.91 | |
| Libertarian | Randy Langkraehr | 8,497 | 2.57 | |
| Write-In | Others | 6 | 0.00 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 79,256 | 51.59 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 69,071 | 44.96 | |
| Libertarian | Roy Welborn | 5,308 | 3.46 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 190,766 | 58.8 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 123,771 | 38.2 | |
| Libertarian | Roy Welborn | 9,733 | 3 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver | 175,019 | 61.7 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 101,069 | 35.6 | |
| Libertarian | Alexander Howell | 4,725 | 1 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver (incumbent) | 207,180 | 58.8 | |
| Republican | Ryan Derks | 135,934 | 38.6 | |
| Libertarian | Robin Dominick | 9,272 | 2.6 | |
| Write-in | 44 | 0.0 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Emanuel Cleaver (incumbent) | 140,688 | 61.0 | |
| Republican | Jacob Turk | 84,008 | 36.4 | |
| Libertarian | Robin Dominick | 5,859 | 2.5 | |
Personal life
editEmanuel Cleaver and his wife, Dianne, have four children. They reside in Kansas City.[27]
In 2000, a road in Kansas City was renamed Emanuel Cleaver II Boulevard. The new route consisted of Brush Creek Blvd., E. 47th St., and the portion of Van Brunt Blvd. south of 31st St.[28]
In 2012, Bank of America sued Emanuel and Dianne Cleaver and Cleaver Company LLC, alleging that the company had defaulted on a $1.46 million commercial real estate loan obtained a decade earlier for a Grandview car wash.[29][30][31] In 2013, the lawsuit was settled.[31] Cleaver's congressional wages were garnished to repay the money owed.[32]
In June 2023, Emanuel Cleaver officiated the wedding of fellow Democratic Congressman and former House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.[33]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "CLEAVER, Emanuel, II". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ "Congressional Record Extensions of Remarks Articles". www.congress.gov. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
- ^ a b Cheam, Bunthay (April 8, 2007). "Emanuel Cleaver (1944- ) •". Retrieved July 15, 2020.
- ^ "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
- ^ "History » St. James UMC". www.stjamesumc.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- ^ "Black History Month: Emanuel Cleaver II". KSHB. February 2, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
- ^ David Helling, KC's best and worst mayors: Where does Sly James rank?, Kansas City Star (June 12, 2018).
- ^ McKinley, James C. Jr. (November 23, 1997). "A Black Panther's Mellow Exile: Farming in Africa". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- ^ "Office Space: Emanuel Cleaver's BBQ House". Roll Call. November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
- ^ Kim, Seung Min (August 1, 2011). "House liberals roar". Politico. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
- ^ "Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute".
- ^ "Congressional Equality Caucus Members".
- ^ "Membership". Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
- ^ "Voting Statistics for Emanuel Cleaver". The Political Guide. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ "Congressman Emanuel Cleaver, II". Jackson County Democratic Committee. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ Bycoffe, Aaron; Wiederkehr, Anna (April 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Kraske, Steve (June 15, 2012). "Cleaver wants ethics charges against Waters, Rangel dropped". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ Panetta, Grace (December 18, 2019). "WHIP COUNT: Here's which members of the House voted for and against impeaching Trump". Business Insider. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ "FBI Probes Vandalism as Congressman's Office". ABC News. September 11, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- ^ Missouri Rep. Emanuel Cleaver II Endorses Clinton Archived August 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine hillaryclinton.com, August 21, 2007
- ^ Cleaver: Black superdelegates backing Clinton are being "threatened" Kansas City Star, Keith Chrostowski, February 28, 2008
- ^ What Not To Say on Canadian Radio Archived March 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Christopher Beam, Slate, April 1, 2008
- ^ Emanuel Cleaver of Missouri Endorses Hillary blackmissouri.com, February 15, 2008
- ^ Demirjian, Karoun (October 25, 2023). "House Declares Solidarity With Israel in First Legislation Under New Speaker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
- ^ Washington, U. S. Capitol Room H154; p:225-7000, DC 20515-6601 (October 25, 2023). "Roll Call 528 Roll Call 528, Bill Number: H. Res. 771, 118th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Full Biography". U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ City of Kansas City [MO] (June 15, 2000). Ordinance #000771, Council of Kansas City. kcmo.org, passed June 15, 2000, effective June 25, 2000. Retrieved from http://cityclerk.kcmo.org/LiveWeb/Documents/Document.aspx?q=Kuh8rXvHZqk3AMAQH1LHksLCIicTHNYXojLZy1x/0AsdOxTi42VHlGoLabg22X7B.
- ^ "BOA sues Cleaver, company for $1.5 million". BusinessWeek. Associated Press. April 6, 2012. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
- ^ Helling, Dave; Kraske, Steve (April 6, 2012). "Taxpayers could have to cover Rep. Emanuel Cleaver's bad loan". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
- ^ a b Bank, U.S. Rep. Cleaver settle lawsuit over car wash, Kansas City Star (April 17, 2013).
- ^ Dave Helling, Court issues order to garnish Emanuel Cleaver’s congressional wages in car wash case, Kansas City Star (February 18, 2014).
- ^ "Playbook: Rahm Emanuel is not done with politics". Politico. June 30, 2023.
External links
edit
- Congressman Emanuel Cleaver II official U.S. House website
- Emanuel Cleaver for Congress