Emerson LeRoy Cummings (March 16, 1902 – January 24, 1986) was a United States Army lieutenant general who served as the 19th Chief of Ordnance for the United States Army Ordnance Corps, and commander of the Fifth United States Army.
Emerson LeRoy Cummings | |
|---|---|
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| Born | March 16, 1902 New Boston, Michigan |
| Died | January 24, 1986 (aged 83) Zephyrhills, Florida |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1924–1962 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Fifth United States Army United States Army, Japan Chief of Ordnance |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal |
Early life
editCummings was born in New Boston, Michigan on March 16, 1902.[1] He graduated from Eastern High School in Bay City, Michigan.[2] Cummings went on to graduate fourth in his class from the United States Military Academy on June 12, 1924[3] and was assigned to the Engineer branch.[4]
Early career
editIn 1926, Cummings completed a program in civil engineering at Cornell University.[5][6] He graduated from the Engineer Officer Course in 1927.[7]
In the 1920s and early 1930s Cummings served in Engineer assignments throughout the United States, including a staff position with the federal Alaska Road Commission and a posting to Fort Lewis, Washington.[8][9] Cummings received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933.[10] In 1934, he graduated from the Ordnance Officer Course.[11] Cummings formally transferred to the Ordnance Department on February 12, 1936.[12]
In 1939, Cummings graduated from the Command and General Staff School and the Chemical Warfare Course.[12] In the early 1940s Cummings served as assistant to the chief of the artillery division in the Ordnance Department's Industrial Service Division.[13]
World War II
editDuring World War II Cummings was head of the army's industrial operations in Detroit, overseeing production of combat vehicles and other materiel. He was then assigned to command of the Ordnance Department's industrial division in Europe.[14]
Post-war
editCummings continued his Ordnance career after World War II. He graduated from the National War College in 1948.[12] In the late 1940s Cummings was chief of the Parts and Supplies Branch in the Ordnance Branch's Engineering Materials Division.[15]
In the early 1950s Cummings served as chief the Ordnance Corps' Industrial Division.[16] While in this assignment Cummings also served as the Army's Assistant Chief of Ordnance.[17]
In November 1953, Cummings was promoted to major general and became the 19th Chief of Ordnance for the Army. He organized the Commodity Command and established the Project Manager System as the exceedingly complex missile systems came into being. During his tenure, the Explorer, the first U.S. satellite, was developed and placed into orbit. He promoted good relations with industry, drawing in part on his World War II experiences with civilian manufacturers, by means of Industry Advisory Groups. The M14 rifle , utilizing 7.62mm cartridge, was developed during his time in office.[18][19][20][21]
After completing his term as Chief of Ordnance, from 1958 to 1960 Cummings was assigned as deputy commander of the Eighth United States Army, simultaneously serving as commander of U.S. Army, Japan.[22][23][24]
From 1961 to 1962, Cummings served as commander of the Fifth United States Army in Chicago.[25][26]
Retirement and awards
editCummings retired in March 1962.[2][27] His awards included two Army Distinguished Service Medals, the Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star Medal.[28][29]
In retirement Cummings resided in Largo, Florida.[30] He operated a woodworking shop as a hobby, and also volunteered as a set builder for the Little Theater of Clearwater, remaining active almost until his death.[31]
In 1972, Cummings was inducted into the Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame.[32] He died in Zephyrhills, Florida on January 24, 1986[33] and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on February 3, 1986.[34]
References
edit- ^ Newspaper article, Chief of Ordnance, by United Press International, published in The Holland (Michigan) Journal, November 2, 1953
- ^ a b "Emerson Leroy Cummings". Assembly. Vol. XLVI, no. 1. June 1987. p. 159. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ "Class of 1924—Register of Graduates". Official Register of the Officers and Cadets. United States Military Academy. 1971. p. 376. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ Genealogical Succession, Graduates of the United States Military Academy[permanent dead link], excerpted from the Register of Graduates and Former Cadets, published by the Alumni Society, 2005, page 1
- ^ The Cornellian, Cornell University Yearbook, published by the University, 1926, Volume 58
- ^ Cornell Alumni Newsletter, May 16, 1940, page 396
- ^ Official U.S. Army Register, published by U.S. Army Adjutant General, 1954, page 166
- ^ The Cornell Civil Engineer, published by Cornell University Association of Civil Engineers, 1928, Volumes 37–38, page 1928
- ^ U.S. Federal Census entry, Emerson LeRoy Cummings family
- ^ Serving the Line with Excellence: the Development of the US Army Ordnance Corps, as Expressed Through the Lives of its Chiefs of Ordnance, 1812–1987, With a Short Sketch of the History of Army Ordnance, 1775–1987, published by U.S. Army Ordnance Corps, 1987, page 62
- ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the United States Military Academy, by George Washington Cullum, updated by Edward Singleton Holden, Volume 8, Part 2 Page 561
- ^ a b c U.S. Army Register: United States Army Active and Retired Lists. Vol. I. U.S. Government Printing Office. January 1, 1960. p. 238. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ SAE Journal, published by Society of Automotive Engineers, 1941, Volume 46, page 31
- ^ Newspaper article, New Ordnance Chief Takes Job, by Associated Press, published in the Anderson (Indiana) Herald, November 3, 1953
- ^ Hearing Record, Investigation of the National Defense Program, published by U.S. Senate, 1948, Volume 25–26, Page 11926
- ^ Newspaper article, Fire Power Biggest Need to Win War in Korea, Says Ordnance General, Syracuse Post-Standard, December 11, 1951
- ^ Hearing Record, Ammunition Shortages in the Armed Services, published by U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, 1953, page 381
- ^ Sterling, Keir (1992). Serving the Line with Excellence 1775–1992. U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Historical Studies. pp. 62–63.
- ^ Newspaper article, Maj. Gen. Cummings Will Head Ordnance, New York Times, October 8, 1953
- ^ Newspaper article, Youngest Army Ordnance Chief Takes Office, Los Angeles Times, November 3, 1953
- ^ List, Chiefs of Ordnance, 1918 to 1962 Archived 2017-01-23 at the Wayback Machine, Principal Officials of the War Department and Department of the Army, 1900–1963, published by United States Army Center of Military History, Page 407
- ^ Newspaper article, U.S. to Shift Japan Command, New York Times, November 15, 1958
- ^ Japan Quarterly, 1959, Volume 6, page 265
- ^ Newspaper article, General Succeeds Admiral: 10 Other Changes in Top Assignments Made by Pentagon, White House, Reading Eagle, December 2, 1960
- ^ Newspaper article, Ike Appoints New 5th Army Commander Archived 2012-10-26 at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Tribune, December 3, 1960
- ^ Newspaper article, 5th Army Gets a New Boss on Wednesday, Chicago Tribune, January 29, 1961
- ^ Newspaper article, Cummings, 5th Army Chief, if Retiring at 60, Chicago Daily Tribune, March 28, 1962
- ^ Alphabetical Index of Recipients, Major U.S. Military Awards Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, Military Times, Hall of Valor
- ^ Official U.S. Army Register, published by U.S. Army Adjutant General, 1961, page 120
- ^ Newspaper article, Head of 5th Army to Retire, New York Times, February 25, 1962
- ^ Newspaper article, Cummings and Set Crew Deserve Hardy Applause, St. Petersburg Times, February 14, 1977
- ^ Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame Induction by Year Page Archived 2009-12-27 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Army Ordnance Corps Association Web Site
- ^ Social Security Death Index
- ^ "Cummings, Emerson L". ANCExplorer. U.S. Army. Retrieved 2022-09-09.