The Swiss diaspora refers to Swiss people living abroad (German: Auslandsschweizer, French: Suisses de l’étranger, Italian: Svizzeri all’estero, Romansh: Svizzers a l’exteriur), also referred to as "fifth Switzerland" (German: Fünfte Schweiz,[1] Italian: Quinta Svizzera, French: Cinquième Suisse, Romansh: Tschintgavla Svizra), alluding to the fourfold linguistic division within the country. The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) cares for Swiss people living abroad.
Fifth Switzerland Communication
editThe FDFA provides four different ways of communication with Swiss people abroad. These services include: Voting and electoral right, Consular services, Organization of the Swiss Abroad (OSA) and the Swiss Revue [2][3][4][5][6]
The service "Itineris" provided by the FDFA is available to all Swiss abroad.[7] SWI swissinfo.ch is a multilingual news and information service with a mandate to serve the interests of Swiss abroad.[8][9]
Swiss expatriate regions
edit- In 2023, some 813,420 Swiss nationals were registered with Swiss representations as living abroad.[10][11] For reference, in 2007, a total of 668,107 Swiss citizens (10.0%) were registered as living abroad.[12]
- A majority (71.5%) held dual citizenship; vast majority of these had citizenship of another European Economic Area country, namely and primarily France, Germany, Italy or the United Kingdom or were citizens of United States, Canada, Australia or New Zealand. Swiss Jews form a small group in Israel.
Overall
edit- 813,420 Swiss abroad
- The data used comes from the 2023 statistics is provided by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.[13]
The following ten countries have the highest populations of Swiss abroad:
| Country | Swiss citizens |
|---|---|
| France | 209,287 |
| Germany | 99,582 |
| United States | 83,667 |
| Italy | 51,964 |
| Canada | 41,463 |
| United Kingdom | 40,183 |
| Australia | 25,827 |
| Spain | 26,499 |
| Israel | 23,670 |
| Austria | 18,350 |
Africa
editThe following five countries have Africa's highest populations of Swiss abroad:
| Country | Swiss citizens |
|---|---|
| South Africa | 7,743 |
| Morocco | 1,561 |
| Tunisia | 1,426 |
| Egypt | 1,398 |
| Kenya | 826 |
Asia
editThe following five countries have Asia's highest populations of Swiss abroad:
| Country | Swiss citizens |
|---|---|
| Israel | 23,670 |
| Thailand | 10,414 |
| Philippines | 3,615 |
| United Arab Emirates | 3,452 |
| China, including Hong Kong and Macau | 2,564 |
Brunei
editSuzanne Rahaman Aeby (b. 1954 Freibourg), a former nurse, is the mother of Pengiran Anak Sarah, the wife of Brunei's Crown Prince, Al-Muhtadee Billah.[14]
Taiwan
edit- 351 Swiss abroad
Sri Lanka
editThe Schweizerischer Hülfsverein in Ceylon was founded on 15 September 1933. In the beginning, its main purpose was to provide assistance to Swiss citizens in need. In 1956, the Swiss Circle Colombo was established to promote social activities among Swiss nationals in Ceylon. It is now known as Swiss Circle Sri Lanka. [15]
Europe
editAlbania
edit- 94 Swiss abroad
France
editThe largest number of Swiss immigrants arrived in France between the 1850s and the 1930s. Many of them settled in Alsace and in the cities of Paris, Marseille and Lyon.[16]
| Swiss immigration to France, from 1851 to 1936 Source: Quid 2003, p. 624, b. | ||||||||||||
| Year | ||||||||||||
| Nationality | 1851 | 1891 | 1901 | 1921 | 1926 | 1931 | 1936 | |||||
| Swiss | 25,485 | 83,117 | 72,047 | 90,000 | 123,119 | 98,000 | 79,000 | |||||
Portugal
- 6,916 Swiss abroad
Russia
editSignificant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire occurred from the late 17th to the late 19th century. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a flow of Swiss farmers forming colonies such as Şaba (Bessarabia, at the Dniester Liman, now part of Ukraine). The Russian-Swiss generally prospered, partly merging with German diaspora populations. As at the end of 2016, 776 Swiss citizens live in Russia.
Sweden
editSwiss people in Sweden are people who are registered in Sweden and who originate in Switzerland. According to Statistics Sweden, in 2017 there were a total of approximately 3,900 people born in Switzerland including Swedish citizens of Swiss descent.
United Kingdom
editThere is a significant Swiss community in the United Kingdom.
North America
editAntigua and Barbuda
edit- 44 Swiss abroad
Canada
editMexico
edit- 5,289 Swiss abroad
United States
editThe first Swiss person in what is now the territory of the United States was Theobald von Erlach (1541–1565).[17] Before the year 1820 some estimated 25,000 to 30,000 Swiss entered British North America. Most of them settled in what is now Pennsylvania, as well as North and South Carolina.
Most Swiss preferred the rural villages of the Midwest and the Pacific Coast, where Italian-speaking Swiss played a significant role in California's winegrowing culture.[18] Swiss immigration diminished after 1930 because of the Great Depression and World War II.
In 1999 New Glarus, Wisconsin was chosen as the future home of the Swiss Center of North America, a cultural center dedicated to the preservation and celebration of Swiss culture. New Glarus was chosen because of its central location and the large concentration of Swiss Americans in the vicinity. Funds for the centre came from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, the State of Wisconsin, the Canton of Glarus, and corporations, including General Casualty Insurance, Nestlé USA, Novartis, Phillip Morris Europe, and Victorinox.
Oceania
edit- 32,316 (+664, 31,652)
Australia
editOver 20,000 people of Swiss origin live in Australia.[19]
New Zealand
edit- 6,925 Swiss abroad
South America
editArgentina
edit- 15,120 Swiss abroad
By 1940, some 44,000 Swiss had emigrated to Argentina, settling mainly in the provinces of Córdoba and Santa Fe, and to a lesser extent, in Buenos Aires. In 1856 the colony farm of Esperanza was founded in Santa Fe becoming the mother of agricultural colonies in Argentina, and thus beginning a long process of European colonization and immigration on Argentine soil. Current estimates state 150,000 Swiss descendants residing in Argentina.[20]
Brazil
edit- 13,611 Swiss abroad
- Up to 500,000 Swiss descendants.
The history of Swiss immigration to Brazil began with the foundation of the colony of Nova Friburgo[21] in 1819. Nova Friburgo was the first colonial company contracted by the Portuguese government. The immigrant colonists wrote letters for publication in Swiss newspapers of the period, and these documents reveal the migrants' perceptions, information and expectations. [citation needed]
On 4 July 1819 1,088 Swiss, including 830 from the Canton of Fribourg, departed from Estavayer-le-Lac on Lake Neuchâtel. They included Jean-Claude Marchon, his wife Marie Prostasie Chavannaz Marchon, his brother Antoine Marchon and fiancée Marieanne Elizabeth Clerc. They travelled first to Basle, the meeting point of the Swiss Transmigration for Brasil. And then 2.000 Swiss, by the Rhein River, go to Holland and after a lot of peripetia they depart from St. Gravendeel, near Dordrecht, in the Daphne, for the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, on September 11. Their arrival in Rio de Janeiro was on November 4, spending 55 days, a very good time for the epoch. And, finally, they arrive in Morro-Queimado (Burnt Mount) on November 15, 1819 – about 12000 kilometers in 105 days, approximately 114 kilometers a day. [citation needed]
Chile
editThe percentage of Swiss in Chile is small, despite having a relatively large number of members. This is because their linguistic and cultural characteristics are commonly confused with Germans, Italians and French. Swiss migration to Chile took place at the end of the nineteenth century, between 1883 and 1900, particularly in the area of Araucanía, especially in Victoria and Traiguén. It is estimated that more than 8,000 families received grants of land.[25]
Between April 1876 and May 1877 a contingent of Swiss immigrants comprising 119 families came to the area of Magallanes (Punta Arenas and Fresh Water), mostly peasants from the canton of Fribourg.[26]
Later, during the period from 1915 to 1950, was the last recorded mass exodus of Swiss to Chile. 30,000 people settled in the central area of the country, primarily in Santiago and Valparaíso.[27] There are currently 5,000 Swiss citizens residing in Chile and between 90,000 and 100,000 Swiss descendants.[22][28][23]
Colombia
edit- 2,348 Swiss abroad
Uruguay
editVenezuela
edit- 840 Swiss abroad
Joaquin Ritz and Melchor Grubel arrived in Venezuela in 1529 and 1535 respectively - the first Swiss who came to South America. As of 2009, 1,900 Swiss citizens lived in Venezuela.[29]
Ancestry
editSelf-reported Swiss ancestry or partial ancestry:
| Country | Population (partial ancestry) | % of country | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
 Swiss American |
997,233 | 0.3% | |
 Swiss Argentine |
150,000 or more | 0.3% | |
 Swiss Canadian |
146,830 | 0.4% | |
 Swiss Chilean |
90,000 to 100,000 | 0.4% | |
 Swiss Brazilian |
80,000 or more | 0.04% | |
 Swiss Australian |
28,947 | 0.1% |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^
Marc, Perrenoud (2012-11-13). "Auslandschweizer" [Historical Lexicon of Switzerland] (in German). Retrieved 2013-10-25.
Die Neue Helvetische Gesellschaft (NHG) definierte die A[uslandschweizer] als 'Vierte Schweiz' (die allerdings 1938 mit der Anerkennung des Rätoromanischen als vierte Landessprache zur "Fünften Schweiz" wurde). [The New Helvetic Society defined the Swiss diaspora as 'the Fourth Switzerland' (though this became the 'Fifth Switzerland in 1938 with the recognition of Rhaeto-Romansh as the fourth national language.]
- ^ "FDFA: The Fifth Switzerland". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Voting and electural rights". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Consular services". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Organization of the swiss abroad". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Swiss Revue". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "The FDFA to launch internet platform "Itineris" to enable people travelling abroad to register online". Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ SwissCommunity. "SWI swissinfo.ch". www.swisscommunity.org (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ "'What right do I have to decide what happens in Switzerland?'". SWI swissinfo.ch. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Keystone-SDA/jc (19 August 2022). "Swiss Abroad community grows and evolves". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ "Swiss Abroad numbers on the rise". SWI swissinfo.ch. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ EDA, Auslandschweizerdienst: Auslandschweizerstatistik 2007 nach Wohnländern (PDF; 74 kB)
- ^ "Suisses établis à l'étranger selon le pays de résidence, 1993-2023".
- ^ "Sarah, Crown Princess of Brunei", Wikipedia, 2023-06-07, retrieved 2023-07-18
- ^ "History". Swiss Circle Sri Lanka. 2018-06-05. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
- ^ (in French) "L'immigration suisse se fait vers l'Alsace, très anciennement liée, ou vers les grandes villes : Paris, Marseille et Lyon"
- ^ Swiss Americans
- ^ History of Swiss Settlers Archived 2009-08-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ In 2001, 22,151 residents in Australia reported Swiss ancestry.[clarification needed] 30.5% cited "no religion", followed by Catholicism (27.3%).
- ^ Argentinien land der Immigranten
- ^ História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos – From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants
- ^ a b J. Códoba-Toro (2018): Suizos en Chile Archived 2021-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Iberoamérica Social. Retrieved on 20 December 2019.
- ^ a b c Relaciones diplomáticas de Suiza con América Latina, Embajada Suiza en Perú. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ a b (in Spanish)La inmigración suiza a Chile se desarrolló entre los años 1883 y 1900 y sus protagonistas se situaron particularmente en las emergentes ciudades sureñas de Victoria y Traiguén, estimándose en 8.000 familias las que recibieron concesiones de tierras en dicha zona donde constituyeron 31 colonias que alcanzaron inicialmente a sumar 22 700 personas y cuya descendencia actual supera los 100.000 ciudadanos, la mayor de América Latina". Archived 2014-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Los suizos del fin del mundo. Archived 2008-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Families, mostly peasants from the canton of Freiburg.
- ^ (in Spanish) Suizos en Chile. Archived 2009-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 90,000 Descendants of Swiss in Chile. Archived 2009-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Actualmente en Venezuela viven aproximadamente 1900 ciudadanos Suizos. Suizos en Venezuela
- ^ "2008 Community Survey". Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
- ^ The Swiss Argentine community is the largest group of the Swiss diaspora in Latin America.Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la República Argentina. "La emigración suiza a la Argentina (Swiss emigration to Argentina)" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ^ Swissinfo.ch: "Suizos "de sangre" en Argentina" (10 July, 2019).
- ^ Swissinfo.ch: "Algunos cientos de miles de argentinos con raíces suizas" (24 July, 2019).
- ^ Statistics Canada (8 May 2013). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos - From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants
- ^ Australian Censis 2011 11,943 by birth 28,947 by ancestry