Émile Hilaire Amagat (2 January 1841 in Saint-Satur – 15 February 1915) was a French physicist.[1] His doctoral thesis, published in 1872, expanded on the work of Thomas Andrews, and included plots of the isotherms of carbon dioxide at high pressures.[2] Amagat published a paper in 1877 that contradicted the current understanding at the time, concluding that the coefficient of compressibility of fluids decreased with increasing pressure.[2] He continued to publish data on isotherms for a number of different gases between 1879 and 1882,[2] and invented the hydraulic manometer, which was able to withstand up to 3200 atmospheres, as opposed to 400 atmospheres using a glass apparatus.[3] In 1880 he published his law of partial volumes, now known as Amagat's law.
Émile Hilaire Amagat | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 2 January 1841 |
| Died | 15 February 1915 (aged 74) Saint-Satur, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Amagat's law, Hydraulic Manometer |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics, Thermodynamics |
For his studies, he developed many original piezometer devices. His originality went so far as to use the depth of a mine shaft being drilled to reach high pressures of 430 atmospheres in order to study the equations of state of certain gases.[4] His expertise led him to collaborate with the physicist Peter Tait in the development of a piezometer suitable for measuring the compressibility of liquids.[5]
Amagat was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences on 9 June 1902.[6] A unit of number density, amagat, was named after him. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1897.[7]
The French Academy of Sciences gave him the posthumous award of the Prix Jean Reynaud for 1915.[8]
In film
edit- In 2016 Polish film Marie Curie, Amagat was played by Daniel Olbrychski.
References
edit- ^ "Encyclopédie [personnage]: Amagat". Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E., eds. (1981). "Amagat, Emile Hilaire". Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-87196-396-3. OCLC 6709010. OL 24722815M.
- ^ Bridgman, P. W. (1909). "An absolute gauge for measuring high hydrostatic pressures". Physical Review. Series I. 28 (2). American Physical Society: 145. Bibcode:1909PhRvI..28..140.. doi:10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.28.140.
- ^ Foulc, J.-N.; Aitken, F. (2020). "Une expérience scientifique au XIXe siècle dans le puits Verpilleux". Revue des Amis du Musée de la Mine de Saint-Étienne (in French). 59: 25–28. hal-03038309v1.
- ^ Aitken, F.; Foulc, J.-N. (2019). From Tait's Work on the Compressibility of Seawater to Equations-of-State for Liquids. From Deep Sea to Laboratory. Vol. 3. London: ISTE. doi:10.1002/9781119663362. ISBN 978-1-78630-376-9. S2CID 204258765.
- ^ Payen, J. (1970). "Amagat, Émile". In Gillispie, C. C. (ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0-68410-114-9. OCLC 89822..
- ^ Boyle, R.; Amagat, E. H. (1899). The Laws of Gases. Harper's Scientific Memoirs. Vol. V. Translated by Barus, C. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. p. 107. OCLC 1738914. OL 14018425M.
- ^ "Académie des sciences – Séance du 18 décembre". Le Moniteur Scientifique du Docteur Quesneville (in French). 84 (903): 67–69. March 1917. OCLC 40372762.
External links
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