Emily Pitts Stevens[a] (née, Pitts; 1841/44 – September 13, 1906) was an American educator, temperance activist, and early San Francisco suffragist. She was the editor and publisher of The Pioneer, the first women’s suffrage journal in the West Coast of the United States, and was a co-founder of the California Woman Suffrage Association. In addition, she was a businesswoman, teacher, administrator, lecturer, and a founder of women's organizations.[2] In San Francisco, Stevens started an evening school for working girls, and instituted the Seaman's League. After the organization of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in California, she labored on its behalf. She also contributed to the columns of various newspapers, and lectured.[3] Stevens died in 1906.
Emily Pitts Stevens | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Portrait from "A Woman of the Century" | |
| Born | 1841/44 New York, U.S. |
| Died | 13 September 1906 |
| Occupation | educator, activist, publisher |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | American |
| Literary movement | temperance |
| Spouse | Augustus A. Stevens |
Early life
editCareer
editStevens removed to San Francisco, in 1865,[4] where she started a popular and successful evening school for working girls, by permission of the superintendent of the city schools. During the first year, the number of students grew to 150.[6]
Stevens purchased the California Sunday Mercury and re-purposed it to be the first written suffrage periodical in the Pacific states. Serving as editor and publisher,[7] she renamed it multiple times, the last being The Pioneer, a woman's paper produced entirely by women, on the basis of equal pay for equal work.[6] This paper sought equal justice for Laura Fair, who was standing trial on a charge of killing her lover.[4]
During the period of 1865 to 1870, she was associated with the all-woman Women’s Cooperative Printing Union, and was the founder of the Woman’s Publishing Company.[2] She was aided by prominent men in placing the stock of the company, and through it, she exercised great influence in advancing the cause of woman in California.[6] Ill-health forced her to suspend the paper.[6]
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Stevens was a gifted orator, and known throughout California as an earnest temperance worker. She led in the defeat of the "Holland bill", which dealt with licensed prostitution in California. She lectured for three years for the Good Templars and was for two years grand vice-templar, always maintaining a full treasury and increasing the membership.[6] In 1874, she was elected Grand Conductor of the California Grand Lodge of the Sons of Temperance.[8]
After the organization of the WCTU in California, she labored earnestly in that society. She contributed to the columns of all three of the State WCTU's organs -the Bulletin, Pharos, and Pacific Ensign- and served as State lecturer. She joined the Prohibition Party in 1882, and she led the movement, in 1888, to induce the WCTU to endorse that party. In 1890, Steven attended the national WCTU convention in Atlanta as a delegate, and became one of the national organizers.[6] In the following year, at the request of the president of the Nevada WCTU, Stevens was detailed for work in that state, and left San Francisco, early in May. Beginning in Reno, she spent 44 days in Nevada. During this time, she traveled 1,000 miles, much of it through desert and sparsely populated locales. Owing to the peculiar conditions in the state, Stevens was sometimes obliged to pay for the user of a church and where no Unions existed, she had hotel bills, railroad, and hotel expenses. Stevens gave 44 addresses; fourteen women's and ten children's meetings were held; six Unions were visited and helped, and five Unions were organized.[9]
Stevens was active in the benevolent work done in the Silver Star House, in sewing-schools and in various societies. In 1874, she instituted the Seamen's League in San Francisco, with her husband as president and herself an officer. In 1875, the old seamen's hospital was donated by Congress to carry on the work, and the institution became firmly established.[6]
Personal life
editStevens was a member of the Presbyterian Church.[6] She married railroad secretary Augustus A. Stevens,[5] before 1870.[4][c] In 1872, the San Francisco Chronicle made an implied comment that Stevens had been married previously, ergo her maiden name may not have been Pitts.[10] She died 13 September 1906, age 65, from a cerebral hemorrhage.[1]
Notes
edit- ^ According to Levenson (1994), some researchers have misspelled her name as "Pitt" instead of "Pitts". Others have hyphenated her surname as "Pitt-Stevens" or "Pitts-Stevens", though she herself never hyphenated her name.[1]
- ^ Carter & Gardner (2007) record the year of birth as 1844.[5]
- ^ Willard & Livermore (1893) record the year of marriage as 1871.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b Levenson 1994, p. 188.
- ^ a b c "Emily Pitts Stevens". www.foundsf.org. FoundSF. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
- ^ Logan 1912, p. 687.
- ^ a b c d Stanton, Anthony & Gordon 1997, p. 400.
- ^ a b Carter & Gardner 2007, p. 92.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Willard & Livermore 1893, p. 686.
- ^ Rowell 1872, p. 455.
- ^ Common Sense 1874, p. 303.
- ^ Woman's Christian Temperance Union 1891, p. 69.
- ^ Bennion 1990, p. 58.
Attribution
edit
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Common Sense (1874). "Public domain". Common Sense. Vol. 1–2. Common Sense.- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Logan, Mrs. John A. (1912). The Part Taken by Women in American History (Public domain ed.). Perry-Nalle publishing Company. p. 687.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Rowell, George P. (1872). American Newspaper Directory: Containing Accurate Lists of All the Newspapers and Periodicals Published in the United States and Territories, and the Dominion of Canada and British Colonies of North America ; Together with a Description of the Towns and Cities in which They are Published (Public domain ed.). Rowell.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Public domain ed.). Moulton. p. 686.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1891). Minutes of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union at The... Annual Meeting in ... with Addresses, Reports, and Constitutions. Vol. 18 (Public domain ed.).
Bibliography
edit- Bennion, Sherilyn Cox (1990). Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth-century West. University of Nevada Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-87417-163-1.
- Carter, Jennie; Gardner, Eric (2007). Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-313-6.
- Levenson, Roger (1 November 1994). Women in Printing: Northern California, 1857-1890. Capra Press. ISBN 978-0-88496-365-3.
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gordon, Ann Dexter (1997). The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Against an aristocracy of sex, 1866 to 1873. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2318-7.
External links
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Works related to Woman of the Century/Emily Pitts Stevens at Wikisource- Works by or about Emily Pitts Stevens at the Internet Archive
