The Southern Tagalog 10 was a group of activists abducted and "disappeared" in 1977 during martial law in the Philippines under Proclamation No. 1081 issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Of the 10 university students and professors who were abducted, only three, Virgilio Silva, Salvador Panganiban, and Modesto Sison, "surfaced" later after being killed by suspected agents of the state.[1][2] Two of those who surfaced were apparently summarily executed.[3] The rest were never found.[4]
Background
editThe victims, most of them in their early twenties,[3] all belonged to a network of community organizations in the Southern Tagalog region.[5][6] They were abducted in late July 1977 at the Makati Medical Center in Metro Manila.[7]
The incident is believed to be the single biggest case of involuntary disappearance during martial law.[2][5][8][9] Bonifacio Ilagan, brother of one of the victims and vice chair of Samahan ng Ex-Detainees Laban sa Detensyon at Aresto (an organization that works for the welfare of political detainees),[10] described the abduction as "the single biggest case of involuntary disappearance and summary execution perpetrated by the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the entire history of the Marcos martial law in the Philippines."[5]
Members
editThe ten individuals known as the Southern Tagalog 10 are:[7]
- Cristina Catalla
- Gerardo "Gerry" Faustino
- Rizalina Ilagan
- Ramon Jasul
- Salvador Panganiban
- Jessica Sales
- Emmanuel Salvacruz
- Virgilio Silva
- Modesto “Bong” Sison
- Erwin de la Torre
The names of Catalla, Faustino, Rizalina Ilagan, Jasul, Sales, and Sison are included on the Bantayog ng mga Bayani's Wall of Remembrance for martyrs and heroes of martial law.[11][12]
In popular culture
editThe play Pagsambang Bayan (People’s Worship), written by Bonifacio Ilagan, is dedicated to the members of the Southern Tagalog 10. It was first staged in September 1977 at the University of the Philippines (U.P.) by the U.P. Repertory Company under the direction of Behn Cervantes.[5] Its staging led to the arrest of Cervantes and the play's musical director.[13] The play won the Palihang Aurelio V. Tolentino and has since been performed hundreds of times.[14] The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) cites the play as a "major work in Philippine theater."[15] A musical version of the play was staged in 2017 by director Joel Lamangan at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines and the CCP.[13]
On television, actress Bianca Umali played Rizalina Ilagan in the GMA Network docudrama Alaala: A Martial Law Special, which first aired on September 17, 2017.[16][17]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Southern Tagalog 10 |". Samahan ng mga Ex-detainees Laban sa Detensyon at Aresto. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ a b Olea, Ronalyn (September 20, 2008). "The Cruelty of Enforced Disappearances: An Abhorrent Crime Against Humanity". Bulatlat. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ a b Faustino, Joey (April 2003). "No Closure 'til Justice is Achieved". AFAD - Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ "Southern Tagalog 10 |". SELDA. October 22, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Ilagan, Bonifacio (December 6, 2016). "Resonance: The Southern Tagalog 10". Manila Today. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ "The President's Day: December 10, 2002 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ a b "The Cruelty of Enforced Disappearances: An Abhorrent Crime Against Humanity - Bulatlat". Bulatlat. September 20, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ Enano, Jhesset O. (September 20, 2017). "Martial law victims find no justice in 'moving on'". Inquirer. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ Boado, Krysten Mariann (November 11, 2016). "Ground zero: Remembering truths of a past forgone". Tinig ng Plaridel. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ "About SELDA". Samahan ng mga Ex-Detainees Laban sa Detensyon at Aresto. July 11, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ Malay and Rodriguez (2015). Ang Mamatay nang Dahil sa 'Yo: Heroes and Martys of the Filipino People in the Struggle Against Dictatorship 1972-1986 (Volume 1). Manila, Philippines: National Historical Commission of the Philippines. ISBN 9789715382700.
- ^ "Martyrs and Heroes". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ^ a b Amadís Ma., Guerrero (July 15, 2017). "Landmark martial law play 'Pagsambang Bayan' now a musical". Inquirer. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ Dennis N., Marasigan (October 8, 2016). "14 essential plays on Martial Law". Inquirer. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ Astorga-Garcia, Mila (October 27, 2017). "Powerful play tackles martial law and EJK". The Philippine Reporter. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ Cabato, Regine (September 25, 2017). "How Alden Richards became the face of a martial law documentary". CNN. Archived from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ Ilaya, Felix (September 18, 2017). "Look: Alden Richards, Rocco Nacino, and Bianca Umali, umani ng papuri para sa docu-drama na 'Alaala'". GMA Network. Retrieved May 6, 2018.