Empire Lifeguard (K443) was a convoy rescue ship of the Second World War. Initially built as HMS Maiden Castle - one of 44 Castle-class corvette built for the Royal Navy - she was completed in 1944 as a convoy rescue ship to pick up survivors from attacks on the convoys. Operated for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) she served in this role with convoys during the war. Post war she was operated as a transport in the Mediterranean. She was damaged by a terrorist attack and sunk in 1947 but repaired and ultimately sold for scrap in 1955.
 HMS Empire Lifeguard anchored in 1944.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Maiden Castle |
| Namesake | Maiden Castle |
| Owner | Ministry of War Transport |
| Operator | Ellerman City Line |
| Ordered | 9 December 1942 |
| Builder | Fleming and Ferguson, Paisley, Scotland |
| Laid down | 1943 |
| Launched | 8 June 1944 |
| Completed | November 1944 |
| Out of service | 1947 |
| Renamed | Empire Lifeguard |
| Identification | Pennant number: K443 |
| Fate | Scrapped, 22 June 1955 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Castle-class corvette |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 252 ft (76.8 m) |
| Beam | 33 ft (10.1 m) |
| Draught | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 geared steam turbines |
| Speed | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) |
| Range | 6,500 nmi (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 99 |
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Armament |
|
Design and description
editThe Castle-class corvette was a stretched version of the preceding Flower class, enlarged to improve seakeeping and to accommodate modern weapons. The ships displaced 1,010 long tons (1,030 t) at standard load and 1,510 long tons (1,530 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 252 feet (76.8 m), a beam of 36 feet 9 inches (11.2 m) and a deep draught of 14 feet (4.3 m). They were powered by a pair of triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines developed a total of 2,880 indicated horsepower (2,150 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). The Castles carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The ships' complement was 99 officers and ratings.[1]
The Castle-class ships were equipped with a single QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk XVI gun forward, but their primary weapon was their single three-barrel Squid anti-submarine mortar. This was backed up by one depth charge rail and two throwers for 15 depth charges. The ships were fitted with two twin and a pair of single mounts for 20-millimetre (0.8 in) Oerlikon light AA guns.[2] Provision was made for a further four single mounts if needed. They were equipped with Type 145Q and Type 147B ASDIC sets to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water. A Type 277 search radar and a HF/DF radio direction finder rounded out the Castles' sensor suite.[3]
Construction and career
editMaiden Castle was laid down by Fleming and Ferguson at their shipyard at Paisley, Scotland, in 1943 and launched on 8 June 1944. She was completed in November and served as a convoy escort until the end of the Second World War in May 1945. The ship was placed in reserve on 25 May. Maiden Castle was reactivated in November and assigned to the Fishery Protection Flotilla based at Fleetwood. In 1947 she returned to reserve.[4] The ship was sold and arrived at Sunderland on 22 December 1955 to be broken up.[5]
October 1945 reactivated to pick up the RN Shore Party at Murmansk and bring them back to the Clyde. She then sailed to Kiel and took another Naval party to Devonport.
Post war she served in Home fleet and the Mediterranean as an Army Transport, including the transport of Jewish refugees to Palestine.
23 July 1947, She was sunk in Haifa harbour near Haganah with a bomb while discharging 300 Jewish immigrants who had officially been admitted to Palestine under quota. Sixty-five immigrants were killed and 40 were wounded. She was later raised and scrapped on 22 June 1955.[6]
See also
editCitations
editReferences
edit- Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Goodwin, Norman (2007). Castle Class Corvettes: An Account of the Service of the Ships and of Their Ships' Companies. Liskeard, UK: Maritime Books. ISBN 978-1-904459-27-9.
- Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- "Scottish Built Ships"