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Within United States federal legislation, an empowerment zone is an economically distressed community eligible to receive tax incentives and grants from the United States federal government under the Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities Act of 1993.[1]
Program
editThe Empowerment Zone Program consists of three US congressional designations.[2] The Renewal Communities (RCs), Empowerment Zones (EZs) and Enterprise Communities (ECs) are highly distressed urban and rural communities that may be eligible for a combination of grants, tax credits for businesses, bonding authority and other benefits. Highly distressed refers to communities who have experienced poverty and/or high emigration based upon definitions in the law. These designations, RCs, EZs and ECs were awarded in three competitions since 1994. The program was the legislative response to riots that erupted in 1992 in Los Angeles after justification of police officers charged in the beating of an African-American motorist during the arrest.[3] The Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 authorized the creation of 40 renewal communities and created the New Markets Tax Credit Program.[4] The program originally ended on December 31, 2011.[5] However, on February 1, 2013, the Joint Committee on Taxation extended the program for another two years to December 31, 2013.[6] The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act, signed into law on December 18, 2015, later extended the program through the end of 2016.[7]
This program is primarily managed through partnerships between the local entity and either the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for RCs and urban areas or US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for rural EZs and ECs.
Currently, there are 40 HUD RCs, 28 of which are in urban areas and 12 in rural communities. There are 30 HUD EZs, all of which are in urban areas. There are 10 USDA EZs and 20 USDA ECs in rural communities. A couple RCs have as few as approximately 100 businesses, while several RCs and EZs have more than 5,000 businesses. No RC, EZ or EC has a population greater than 200,000.
Tax Incentives and Bonds
editQualifying businesses in EZs are eligible for employment credits (up to $3,000 yearly per EZ resident employed). Qualifying EZ businesses are also eligible for low-cost loans through EZ facility bonds, increased Section 179 tax deductions, partial-exclusion of tax on capital gains upon the sale of certain assets, and other incentives. Qualifying businesses in RCs are also eligible for employment credits (up to $1,500 yearly per RC resident employed).
Qualifying RC businesses are also eligible for a 0% tax on the capital gains of assets sold, provided the business holds the asset at least five years. Businesses in RCs that build or substantially rehabilitate commercial property may also be eligible for up to $10 million in Commercial Revitalization Deductions to rapidly increase their depreciation schedules. For detailed information on all RC/EZ tax incentives, including which tax forms to file to claim the incentives, read IRS Publication 954, Tax Incentives for Distressed Communities.
The empowerment zone employment credit provides businesses with an incentive to hire individuals who both live and work in an empowerment zone. (An exception applies to the Washington, DC empowerment zone. Individuals who work in the Washington, DC empowerment zone may live anywhere in the District of Columbia.) You can claim the credit if you pay or incur “qualified zone wages” to a “qualified zone employee”.
The credit is 20% of the qualified zone wages paid or incurred during a calendar year. The amount of qualified zone wages you can use to figure the credit cannot be more than $15,000 for each employee for each calendar year. As a result, the credit can be as much as $3,000 (20% of $15,000) per qualified zone employee each year.
Although the Empowerment Zone wage tax credit program expired on December 31, 2011, credits can still be claimed by amending tax returns for the years 2009, 2010, and 2011. The Renewal Community program expired on December 31, 2009, but a company can still amend its tax return for 2009 to claim the available credits.[5]
Parts of the following urban areas are empowerment zones:
| Pulaski County, Arkansas | Tucson, Arizona | Fresno, California | Los Angeles, California | Santa Ana, California | New Haven, Connecticut | Jacksonville, Florida | Miami/Dade County, Florida | Chicago, Illinois |
| Gary/Hammond/East Chicago, Indiana | Boston, Massachusetts | Baltimore, Maryland | Detroit, Michigan | Minneapolis, Minnesota | St. Louis, Missouri/East St. Louis, Illinois | Cumberland County, New Jersey | New York, New York | Syracuse, New York |
| Yonkers, New York | Cincinnati, Ohio | Cleveland, Ohio | Columbus, Ohio | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/Camden, New Jersey | Columbia/Sumter, South Carolina | Knoxville, Tennessee | El Paso, Texas |
| San Antonio, Texas | Norfolk/Portsmouth, Virginia | Huntington, WV/Ironton, Ohio |
Parts of the following rural areas are empowerment zones:
| Desert Communities, California (part of Riverside County) | Southwest Georgia United, Georgia (part of Crisp County and all of Dooly County) |
| Southernmost Illinois Delta, Illinois (parts of Alexander and Johnson Counties and all of Pulaski County) | Kentucky Highlands, Kentucky (part of Wayne County and all of Clinton and Jackson Counties) |
| Aroostook County, ME (part of Aroostook County) | Mid-Delta, MS (parts of Bolivar, Holmes, Humphreys, Leflore, Sunflower, and Washington Counties) |
| Griggs-Steele, North Dakota part of Griggs County and all Steele County | Oglala Sioux Tribe, South Dakota (part of Jackson County and all of Bennett and Shannon Counties) |
| Middle Rio Grande FUTURO Communities, Texas (parts of Dimmit, Maverick, Uvalde, and Zavala Counties) | Rio Grande Valley, Texas (parts of Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, and Willacy Counties) |
See also
edit- Ke `Aupuni Lokahi - A former empowerment zone and enterprise community in Molokai, Hawaii.
- Renewal community
- New Markets Tax Credit Program
- Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000
References
edit- ^ "U.S. GAO - Revitalization Programs: Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, and Renewal Communities".
- ^ "7 CFR 25 Public Law 103-66; Regulation". Archived from the original on 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
- ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 218.
- ^ Fiore, Nicholas (August 2001). "The Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000: New incentives for taxpayers investing in distressed communities". Journal of Accountancy. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities". www.arcgis.com. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
- ^ "JCS-1-13". www.jct.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
- ^ "DIVISION Q—PROTECTING AMERICANS FROM TAX HIKES ACT OF 2015" (PDF). U.S. House of Representatives, Document Repository. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
Sources
edit- US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Questions and Answers on Renewal Community (RC) and Empowerment Zone (EZ) tax incentives
- US Internal Revenue Service; TAX INCENTIVES FOR DISTRESSED COMMUNITIES, IRS Publication 954.