Epsom is a New Zealand electorate in Auckland, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. Since the 2014 general election, Epsom has been represented by David Seymour, the leader of the ACT Party.
Epsom | |
---|---|
Single-member constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
![]() Location of Epsom within Auckland | |
Region | Auckland |
Area | 20.02 km2 (7.73 sq mi) |
Current constituency | |
Current MP | David Seymour |
Party | ACT |
List MPs | Camilla Belich (Labour) Paul Goldsmith (National) Tanya Unkovich (NZ First) Lawrence Xu-Nan (Green) |
Epsom has been an important electorate in New Zealand politics as, since 2005, it has allowed the ACT Party to gain seats in parliament without meeting the five percent party vote threshold as the party leaders David Seymour, John Banks and Rodney Hide have each won the electorate.
Population centres
editEpsom is based around central and eastern Auckland isthmus. It contains the suburbs of Parnell, Remuera, Mount Eden, Newmarket, half of Greenlane and the eponymous suburb of Epsom. Under boundary changes resulting from the 2006 census, Epsom was enlarged to include the central city suburb of Grafton, but most of the area was lost again following the 2013 census. It is New Zealand's smallest electorate, covering just 20 km2 (8 sq mi).[1]
Epsom was created ahead of the first Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election in 1996, carved out of the Remuera and Eden seats. Remuera was a safe seat for the National Party, having never elected a member of parliament from the Labour Party, while Eden was a bellwether seat, changing hands with the change of government. Both of these seats were held by National MPs – Christine Fletcher in Eden and Doug (later Sir Douglas) Graham in Remuera.
The electorate's population is predominantly European New Zealanders with a significant Asian population. The median household income is $118,300 – the highest of all New Zealand electorates.[1]
History
editThe Epsom seat was first contested in New Zealand's first MMP election in 1996. The National party candidate was Christine Fletcher; she came out of the election with the nation's biggest personal majority: a 19,000 vote margin over the second placed Labour candidate, Helen Duncan.
With Fletcher standing down at the 1999 election to focus on her role as the newly elected Mayor of Auckland, the electorate battle was a contest between new National candidate Richard Worth and ACT List MP Rodney Hide. Worth won the seat by approximately 1,900 votes. In 2002, he easily retained Epsom, with other parties contesting only the party vote.
The 2005 race for Epsom was won by Rodney Hide[2] after a tough contest for the personal vote. As the leader of ACT, Hide was determined to contest Epsom in order to guarantee his party's representation in the next parliament, should ACT not break the five percent threshold – under New Zealand electoral law, a party can gain representation by either getting five percent of the vote or by winning one or more electoral seats.
As it became more likely ACT would not break five percent, the campaign in Epsom became more intense, with Hide lobbying voters to vote strategically to keep ACT in Parliament, a message that ultimately prevailed, with National MP Richard Worth, defeated by 3,102 votes on election night and returned to Parliament via the National Party list. Hide's win in Epsom also allowed ACT member Heather Roy to enter parliament.
Hide increased his majority in 2008, and winning Epsom allowed four other ACT MPs to enter parliament. But Hide stepped down as ACT leader in April 2011 after succumbing to a leadership challenge from Don Brash.[3] The ACT party selected former Auckland Mayor John Banks as their candidate for the 2011 election, who won the contest.[4]
In 2013, John Banks announced that he would leave Parliament at the 2014 election, and so would not contest the Epsom electorate. After being found guilty at trial for electoral fraud, he announced his resignation effective 13 June 2014, leaving the Epsom seat vacant.[5] Due to the proximity of the next general election, Parliament voted by supermajority to avoid a by-election.[6]
Members of Parliament
editKey
List MPs
editMembers of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Epsom electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Election | Representatives | |
---|---|---|
1998 | Helen Duncan[i] | |
1999 election | Rodney Hide | |
2002 election | Rodney Hide | |
Keith Locke | ||
2005 election | Keith Locke | |
Richard Worth | ||
2008 election | Keith Locke | |
Richard Worth[ii] | ||
2011 election | Paul Goldsmith | |
David Parker | ||
2014 election | Julie Anne Genter | |
Paul Goldsmith | ||
2017 election | Paul Goldsmith | |
David Parker | ||
2020 election | Paul Goldsmith | |
Camilla Belich | ||
2023 election | Paul Goldsmith | |
Camilla Belich[iii] | ||
Tanya Unkovich | ||
2024 | Lawrence Xu-Nan[iv] |
- ^ Replaced Jill White as list MP
- ^ Resigned June 2009, list place taken by Cam Calder
- ^ Replaced Andrew Little as list MP, who resigned on 5 December 2023
- ^ Replaced Efeso Collins as list MP, who died on 21 February 2024
Election results
edit2023 election
edit2023 general election: Epsom[7] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | David Seymour | 17,826 | 44.43 | -2.54 | 5,041 | 12.40 | +2.04 | ||
National | Paul Goldsmith | 9,684 | 24.14 | +8.73 | 20,948 | 51.54 | +14.27 | ||
Labour | Camilla Belich | 6,189 | 15.42 | -9.33 | 5,945 | 14.62 | -21.25 | ||
Green | Lawrence Xu-Nan | 3,537 | 8.81 | +1.34 | 5,507 | 13.55 | +2.62 | ||
Opportunities | Nina Su | 1,803 | 4.49 | +2.35 | 1,307 | 3.21 | +1.26 | ||
NZ First | Tanya Unkovich | 573 | 1.42 | — | 1,059 | 2.60 | +1.16 | ||
NZ Loyal | Anna Rotheray | 164 | 0.40 | — | 123 | 0.30 | — | ||
Te Pāti Māori | 299 | 0.73 | +0.48 | ||||||
NewZeal | 76 | 0.18 | −+0.12 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 66 | 0.16 | — | ||||||
Freedoms NZ | 34 | 0.08 | — | ||||||
New Conservatives | 28 | 0.06 | -0.44 | ||||||
Women's Rights | 26 | 0.06 | — | ||||||
DemocracyNZ | 16 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
New Nation | 5 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Leighton Baker Party | 2 | 0.00 | — | ||||||
Informal votes | 339 | 109 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 40,115 | 40,637 | |||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 8,142 | 20.29 | -1.93 |
2020 election
edit2020 general election: Epsom[8] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | David Seymour | 19,500 | 46.97 | +3.80 | 4,355 | 10.36 | +8.58 | ||
Labour | Camilla Belich | 10,276 | 24.75 | +6.26 | 15,078 | 35.87 | +11.32 | ||
National | Paul Goldsmith | 6,397 | 15.41 | −13.32 | 15,668 | 37.27 | −21.37 | ||
Green | Kyle MacDonald | 3,101 | 7.47 | +0.19 | 4,596 | 10.93 | +2.56 | ||
Opportunities | Adriana Christie | 889 | 2.14 | — | 822 | 1.95 | +1.75 | ||
TEA | Noel Jiang | 337 | 0.81 | — | 112 | 0.26 | — | ||
New Conservative | Norman Sutton | 231 | 0.79 | +0.19 | 211 | 0.50 | +0.30 | ||
Advance NZ | Faith-Joy Aaron | 166 | 0.39 | — | 147 | 0.34 | — | ||
Sustainable NZ | Shannon Withers | 72 | 0.17 | — | 30 | 0.07 | — | ||
Outdoors | Maia Prochazka | 31 | 0.07 | — | 7 | 0.01 | −0.19 | ||
Not A Party | Finn Harris | 24 | 0.05 | — | |||||
NZ First | 609 | 1.44 | −1.71 | ||||||
Māori Party | 108 | 0.25 | −0.07 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 38 | 0.08 | −0.02 | ||||||
ONE | 27 | 0.06 | — | ||||||
Social Credit | 8 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Vision NZ | 8 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Heartland | 6 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Informal votes | 484 | 203 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 41,508 | 42,031 | |||||||
Turnout | 42,311 | 82.84[9] | +3.17 | ||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 9,224 | 22.22 | +7.78 |
2017 election
edit2017 general election: Epsom[10] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | David Seymour | 16,505 | 43.17 | +0.09 | 696 | 1.78 | −0.94 | ||
National | Paul Goldsmith | 10,986 | 28.73 | −2.87 | 22,875 | 58.64 | −4.41 | ||
Labour | David Parker | 7,067 | 18.49 | +9.13 | 9,575 | 24.55 | +11.16 | ||
Green | Barry Coates | 2,785 | 7.28 | −0.87 | 3,263 | 8.37 | −4.13 | ||
NZ First | Julian Paul | 657 | 1.72 | +0.22 | 1,229 | 3.15 | −0.32 | ||
Conservative | Leighton Baker | 230 | 0.60 | −4.05 | 80 | 0.20 | −2.27 | ||
Opportunities | 1,043 | 2.67 | — | ||||||
Māori Party | 124 | 0.32 | −0.14 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 38 | 0.10 | −0.10 | ||||||
People's Party | 34 | 0.09 | — | ||||||
United Future | 24 | 0.06 | −0.10 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 9 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||||||
Democrats | 7 | 0.02 | −0.01 | ||||||
Outdoors | 7 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
Internet | 6 | 0.02 | −0.81[a] | ||||||
Mana Party | 6 | 0.02 | −0.81[b] | ||||||
Informal votes | 317 | 76 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 38,230 | 39,008 | |||||||
Turnout | 39,422 | 79.67[11] | +1.58 | ||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 5,519 | 14.44 | +3.16 |
2014 election
edit2014 general election: Epsom[12] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | David Seymour | 15,966 | 43.08 | −1.02 | 1,023 | 2.72 | +0.17 | ||
National | Paul Goldsmith | 11,716 | 31.61 | −6.19 | 23,904 | 63.45 | −1.07 | ||
Labour | Michael Wood | 3,470 | 9.36 | −1.09 | 5,045 | 13.39 | −2.16 | ||
Green | Julie Anne Genter | 3,021 | 8.15 | +2.14 | 4,706 | 12.49 | +0.46 | ||
Conservative | Christine Rankin | 1,725 | 4.65 | +3.70 | 932 | 2.47 | +1.35 | ||
NZ First | Cliff Lyon | 621 | 1.68 | +1.68 | 1,308 | 3.47 | +0.86 | ||
Mana | Patrick O'Dea | 106 | 0.29 | +0.11 | |||||
Independent | Grace Haden | 59 | 0.16 | +0.16 | |||||
Independent | Matthew Goode | 37 | 0.10 | −0.06 | |||||
Independent | Susanna Kruger | 31 | 0.08 | +0.08 | |||||
Independent | Adam Holland | 21 | 0.06 | +0.06 | |||||
Internet Mana | 312 | 0.83 | +0.67[c] | ||||||
Māori Party | 174 | 0.46 | −0.13 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 76 | 0.20 | −0.12 | ||||||
United Future | 61 | 0.16 | −0.16 | ||||||
Civilian | 17 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
Democrats | 10 | 0.03 | +0.01 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 7 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
Focus | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Independent Coalition | 3 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 286 | 93 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 37,059 | 37,675 | |||||||
Turnout | 37,768 | 78.09 | +2.36 | ||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 4,250 | 11.28 | +4.98 |
2011 election
edit2011 general election: Epsom[4] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | John Banks | 15,835 | 44.10 | -11.96 | 939 | 2.55 | -3.67 | ||
National | Paul Goldsmith | 13,574 | 37.80 | +15.96 | 23,725 | 64.52 | +1.93 | ||
Labour | David Parker | 3,751 | 10.45 | -3.13 | 5,716 | 15.55 | -4.54 | ||
Green | David Hay | 2,160 | 6.01 | -1.39 | 4,424 | 12.03 | +5.10 | ||
Conservative | Simon Kan | 342 | 0.95 | +0.95 | 412 | 1.12 | +1.12 | ||
Independent | Penny Bright | 124 | 0.35 | +0.35 | |||||
Mana | Patrick O'Dea | 66 | 0.18 | +0.18 | 91 | 0.16 | +0.16 | ||
Independent | Matthew Goode | 59 | 0.16 | +0.16 | |||||
NZ First | 959 | 2.61 | +1.16 | ||||||
Māori Party | 217 | 0.59 | +0.01 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 118 | 0.32 | +0.14 | ||||||
United Future | 116 | 0.32 | -0.35 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 31 | 0.08 | +0.03 | ||||||
Alliance | 12 | 0.03 | -0.001 | ||||||
Democrats | 9 | 0.02 | +0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 443 | 160 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 35,911 | 36,769 | |||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 2,261 | 6.30 | -27.92 |
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 48,761[13]
2008 election
edit2008 general election: Epsom[14] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | Rodney Hide | 21,102 | 56.06 | +13.44 | 2,389 | 6.22 | +2.83 | ||
National | Richard Worth | 8,220 | 21.84 | -12.11 | 24,030 | 62.60 | +4.09 | ||
Labour | Kate Sutton | 5,112 | 13.58 | -3.57 | 7,711 | 20.09 | -7.14 | ||
Green | Keith Locke | 2,787 | 7.40 | +3.18 | 2,662 | 6.93 | +1.60 | ||
United Future | Janet Tuck | 163 | 0.43 | -0.52 | 258 | 0.67 | -1.07 | ||
Kiwi | Grace Haden | 114 | 0.30 | – | 80 | 0.21 | – | ||
RAM | Rafe Copeland | 79 | 0.21 | – | 27 | 0.07 | – | ||
Human Rights | Andrena Bishop | 68 | 0.18 | +0.09 | |||||
NZ First | 557 | 1.45 | -0.98 | ||||||
Māori Party | 222 | 0.58 | +0.28 | ||||||
Progressive | 133 | 0.35 | -0.22 | ||||||
Bill and Ben | 120 | 0.31 | – | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 70 | 0.18 | -0.11 | ||||||
Family Party | 67 | 0.17 | – | ||||||
Libertarianz | 19 | 0.05 | -0.01 | ||||||
Alliance | 13 | 0.03 | +0.00 | ||||||
Workers Party | 13 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
Pacific | 10 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
Democrats | 6 | 0.02 | -0.00 | ||||||
RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | +0.00 | ||||||
Informal votes | 259 | 96 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 37,645 | 38,389 | |||||||
ACT hold | Majority | 12,882 | 34.22 | +25.55 |
2005 election
edit2005 general election: Epsom[15] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
ACT | Rodney Hide | 15,251 | 42.62 | 1,237 | 3.40 | ||||
National | Richard Worth | 12,149 | 33.95 | 21,310 | 58.51 | ||||
Labour | Stuart Nash | 6,138 | 17.15 | 9,915 | 27.22 | ||||
Green | Keith Locke | 1,513 | 4.23 | 1,941 | 5.33 | ||||
United Future | Janet Tuck | 340 | 0.95 | 636 | 1.75 | ||||
Progressive | Fatima Ashrafi | 149 | 0.42 | 205 | 0.56 | ||||
Destiny | Rod Gabb | 114 | 0.32 | 66 | 0.18 | ||||
Direct Democracy | Tin Yau Chan | 97 | 0.27 | 9 | 0.02 | ||||
Independent | Anthony Van Den Heuvel | 34 | 0.10 | ||||||
NZ First | 887 | 2.44 | |||||||
Māori Party | 107 | 0.29 | |||||||
Christian Heritage | 33 | 0.09 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 25 | 0.07 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 20 | 0.05 | |||||||
Alliance | 11 | 0.03 | |||||||
99 MP | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Democrats | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Family Rights | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
One NZ | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
RONZ | 1 | 0.003 | |||||||
Informal votes | 245 | 94 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 35,785 | 36,421 | |||||||
ACT gain from National | Majority | 3,102 | 8.67 |
2002 election
edit2002 general election: Epsom | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | Richard Worth | 13,563 | 42.69 | +5.86 | 9,499 | 29.24 | -13.96 | ||
Labour | Di Nash | 7,944 | 25.00 | 9,328 | 28.72 | +3.37 | |||
ACT | Rodney Hide | 7,059 | 22.22 | -8.93 | 6,652 | 20.48 | +4.08 | ||
Green | Keith Locke | 1,831 | 5.76 | 2,161 | 6.65 | +0.90 | |||
United Future | Cindy Ruakere | 731 | 2.30 | 1,857 | 5.72 | ||||
Christian Heritage | Tony Molloy | 329 | 1.04 | 209 | 0.64 | -0.49 | |||
Alliance | Julie Fairey | 317 | 1.00 | 332 | 1.02 | -2.33 | |||
NZ First | 1,994 | 6.14 | +3.83 | ||||||
Progressive | 254 | 0.78 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 90 | 0.28 | -0.23 | ||||||
ORNZ | 83 | 0.26 | |||||||
One NZ | 12 | 0.04 | 0.00 | ||||||
Mana Māori | 6 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||||||
NMP | 4 | 0.01 | -0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 409 | 72 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 31,774 | 32,481 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 5,619 | 17.69 | +12.01 |
1999 election
edit1999 general election: Epsom[16][17] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | Richard Worth | 12,362 | 36.83 | 14,626 | 43.20 | +2.11 | |||
ACT | Rodney Hide | 10,453 | 31.15 | 5,551 | 16.40 | -5.64 | |||
Labour | David Jacobs | 6,815 | 20.31 | 8,583 | 25.35 | +6.19 | |||
Green | Janet McVeagh | 1,601 | 4.77 | 1,946 | 5.75 | ||||
Alliance | Mark O'Brien | 895 | 2.67 | 1,133 | 3.35 | -1.10 | |||
Christian Heritage | Ewen McQueen | 455 | 1.36 | -0.24[d] | 381 | 1.13 | |||
NZ First | Brent Catchpole | 384 | 1.14 | 783 | 2.31 | -3.40 | |||
Legalise Cannabis | Caleb Armstrong | 287 | 0.86 | 171 | 0.51 | -0.67 | |||
McGillicuddy Serious | Worik Turei Stanton | 135 | 0.40 | 54 | 0.16 | -0.09 | |||
Independent | Michael MacDonald | 119 | 0.35 | ||||||
Natural Law | Ray Cain | 56 | 0.17 | 37 | 0.11 | -0.04 | |||
Christian Democrats | 229 | 0.68 | |||||||
United NZ | 191 | 0.56 | -0.69 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 80 | 0.24 | +0.08 | ||||||
Animals First | 43 | 0.13 | -0.02 | ||||||
One NZ | 15 | 0.04 | |||||||
Mauri Pacific | 8 | 0.02 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 7 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||
NMP | 7 | 0.02 | |||||||
Republican | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
South Island | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
The People's Choice | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
Freedom Movement | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 470 | 177 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 33,561 | 33,854 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 1,908 | 5.68 |
1996 election
edit1996 general election: Epsom[18][19][20] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | Christine Fletcher | 25,217 | 69.95 | 14,870 | 41.09 | ||||
Labour | Helen Duncan | 4,575 | 12.69 | 6,935 | 19.16 | ||||
Alliance | Mary Tierney | 1,787 | 4.96 | 1,611 | 4.45 | ||||
NZ First | Gavin Logan | 1,342 | 3.72 | 2,067 | 5.71 | ||||
ACT | John Boscawen | 1,134 | 3.15 | 7,976 | 22.04 | ||||
Christian Coalition | Ewen McQueen | 577 | 1.60 | 1,116 | 3.08 | ||||
Libertarianz | Lindsay Perigo | 534 | 1.48 | 58 | 0.16 | ||||
Progressive Green | Rob Fenwick | 360 | 1.00 | 149 | 0.41 | ||||
McGillicuddy Serious | Kerry Hoole | 247 | 0.69 | 91 | 0.25 | ||||
Green Society | Sam Cunningham | 112 | 0.31 | 54 | 0.15 | ||||
Natural Law | Bryan Lee | 89 | 0.25 | 53 | 0.15 | ||||
United NZ | Bryan Mockridge | 78 | 0.22 | 451 | 1.25 | ||||
Legalise Cannabis | 427 | 1.18 | |||||||
Ethnic Minority Party | 219 | 0.61 | |||||||
Animals First | 53 | 0.15 | |||||||
Advance New Zealand | 17 | 0.05 | |||||||
Superannuitants & Youth | 15 | 0.04 | |||||||
Asia Pacific United | 11 | 0.03 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 11 | 0.03 | |||||||
Conservatives | 8 | 0.02 | |||||||
Te Tawharau | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 232 | 92 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 36,052 | 36,192 | |||||||
National win new seat | Majority | 20,642 | 57.26 |
Footnotes
edit- ^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
- ^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
- ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
- ^ Percentage change calculated as a candidate for the Christian Coalition Party in the 1996 election
References
edit- ^ a b "Epsom – Electorate Profile". Parliamentary Library. September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ^ "Hon Rodney Hide". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ Satherley, Dan (27 April 2011). "Rodney Hide resigns, makes way for Brash". 3 News. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Official Count Results – Epsom". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
- ^ Audrey Young (8 June 2014). "John Banks to resign from Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ^ "Parliament avoids calling by-election". Radio New Zealand. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ "Epsom - Official Result". electionresults.govt.nz/. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Epsom (2020)". Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
- ^ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate (2020)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Epsom (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ^ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate (2017)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Electoral Commission (10 October 2014). "Official Count Results – Epsom". Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 21 October 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Official Count Results – Epsom (2005)". Electoral Commission. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Epsom, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
- ^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
External links
edit- Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library