37°51′N 27°41′E / 37.850°N 27.683°E
| Raid on Erbeyli | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) and Greek genocide | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Greece |
 Kuva-yi Milliye | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |
Lieutenant Kadri Bey | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
20 Evzones at the station[1] Reinforcements: 1 Evzones company (200+ soldiers)[2] | 70 militias with 1 machine gun[1] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 30[1]–80[3] killed and 40 wounded[1] | 7 killed[4] and 12 wounded[3] | ||||||
| 72 civilians massacred by Hellenic Army[1][5] | |||||||
The Raid on Erbeyli was a raid conducted by the Kuva-yi Milliye. After invading Aydın and Nazilli, the Greek army was concerned about resistance movements raising in the area. The raid against the Malgaç bridge a few days ago was a good example for their feeling of unease.
Prelude
editTurkish Lieutenant Kadri Bey of the Muğla volunteer platoon had been observing Greek troops in the area for several days. He determined their movements, barracks and guard replacement times. After precise surveillance, he concluded that the best target for a raid was the Erbeyli train station. The Erbeyli train station was located 1-2 kilometers away from the Erbeyli village. Therefore, the villagers were far away from gunfires.[6] The train station was guarded by 20 Greek soldiers equipped with machine guns situated in a small hangar next to the station.
Raid
editOne Evzone company was sent to the Erbeyli village one night before the attack.[2] The Turkish forces, unaware about this circumstance, attacked the train station in the night of 20–21 June 1919. At the beginning, the attacked looked like a success but with the Greek reinforcements arriving from the Erbeyli village the situation got worse. The Greek guards of the station fired with their machine guns from the top floor of the hangar. The clash lasted about three hours.[1] Caught in the fire from two sides and having lost their machine gunner, Kadri Bey decided to retreat under the veil of darkness before the sun would rise. He divided the remaining men into two groups. The first group retreated to the mountainous area in the north, crossing the Büyük Menderes River with the small ship named Osmanbükü and finally arriving in the village of Çakmar. The second group retreated to the plain in the south.
Result
editThe attack had cost the Turks 7 killed and 12 wounded.[3][4] The Greeks had suffered 30[4]-80 killed[3] and 40 wounded.[4] The Greek troops angered about the attack and their casualties, brought their casualties to Aydın and showed them to the local Turkish population. Later they abducted 72 Turkish civilians from Erbeyli, Germencik and İncirliova and executed them by shooting as a warning for future raids.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Sıtkı Aydınel: Güneybatı Anadolu'da Kuvâ-yı Milliye harekâtı (Engl.: Operations of the Kuva-yi Milliye in southwestern Anatolia), Vadi Yayınları, 2008, pages 165, 166.
- ^ a b İlhan Tekeli, Selim İlkin: Ege'deki sivil direnişten kurtuluş Uşak heyet-i merkeziyesi ve Ibrahim [Tahtakılıç] Bey, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1989, page 149 (in Turkish)
- ^ a b c d Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, sayfa 254 (footnote 1122)
- ^ a b c d Sıtkı Aydınel, 2008, page 166.
- ^ Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 254
- ^ Asaf Gökbel: Millî mücadele de Aydin, Çoşkun matbaasi, 1964, page 204.
Sources
edit- History of Erbeyli, Erbeyli village official website (in Turkish)
- BATI ANADOLU’DA KUVAYI MİLLİYENİN OLUŞUMU (1919–1920), Oğuz Gülcan, Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, 2007, page 253-254 (Ankara University Open Archive System). (in Turkish)