The Ericsson method is an assisted reproductive technology for sex selection, used before implantation. In this method, sperm that will give rise to male versus female children are separated by moving at different speeds through a protein solution.
When used to increase the likelihood of a female child, studies have resulted in between 70% and 80% female children.[1][2][3]
When used to increase the likelihood of a male child, studies have resulted in between 50%[2] and 75% male children.[3]
Method
editThe Ericsson method is based on the belief that X-sperm swim slower than Y-sperm. Sperm are placed atop a "column" of increasingly thicker layers of albumin, and allowed to swim down into the solution. After a certain time period has elapsed, the sperm can be separated into the faster and slower swimmers. If the couple desires a male baby the faster swimmers are artificially inseminated, and if the couple desires a female baby the same procedure is enacted with the slower swimmers.[citation needed]
This method differs from the Shettles method, which does not utilize artificial insemination.
History
editIt was developed and patented by Dr. Ronald Ericsson. The method has been in use since the mid-1970s.
References
edit- ^ Silverman, A.Y. (2002). "Female sex selection using clomiphene citrate and albumin separation of human sperm". Human Reproduction. 17 (5): 1254–1256. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.5.1254. ISSN 1460-2350. PMID 11980748.
- ^ a b Jaffe, Sharon B.; Jewelewicz, Raphael; Wahl, Eric; Khatamee, Masood A. (1991). "A controlled study for gender selection". Fertility and Sterility. 56 (2): 254–258. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54481-1. ISSN 0015-0282. PMID 2070855.
- ^ a b Beernink, Ferdinand J.; Dmowski, W. Paul; Ericsson, Ronald J. (1993). "Sex preselection through albumin separation of sperm**Presented in part at the 44th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, Atlanta, Georgia, October 8 to 13, 1988". Fertility and Sterility. 59 (2): 382–386. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55681-7. ISSN 0015-0282.
Further reading
editThe below references were taken from 123 published papers. These references represent the initial scientific research, the concepts behind altering the sex ratio, the clinical results and the social and demographic history of people who elect to use this technology for a wanted sex selected child.
- Ericsson R J, Ericsson SA. "Human sex preselection: compilation of worldwide clinical results using the albumin method". Today's Therapeutic Trends. 16 (2): 107–119.
- Beernink FJ, Dmowski WP, Ericsson RJ (1993). "Sex preselection of sperm". Fertil. Steril. 59 (2): 382–386. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55681-7.
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- Ericsson SA, Ericsson RJ (1992). "Couples with exclusively female offspring have an increased probability of a male child after using male sex preselection". Hum. Reprod. 7 (3): 372–373. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137653. PMID 1587946.
- Rose GA, Wong A (1998). "Experiences in Hong Kong with the theory and practice of the albumin column method of sperm separation for sex selection". Hum. Reprod. 13 (1): 146–149. doi:10.1093/humrep/13.1.146. PMID 9512247.
- Pyrzak R (1994). "Separation of X- and Y-bearing human spermatozoa using albumin gradients". Hum. Reprod. 9 (10): 1788–1790. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138332. PMID 7844202.
- Claassens OE, Oosthuizen CJ, Brusnicky J, Franken DR, Kruger TF (1995). "Fluorescent in situ hybridization evaluation of human Y-bearing spermatozoa separated by albumin density gradients". Fertil. Steril. 63 (2): 417–418. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57381-6. PMID 7843455.
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- Ericsson RJ (1994). "Sex selection via albumin columns: 20 years of results". Hum. Reprod. 9 (10): 1787–788. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138331. PMID 7844201.
- Ericsson RJ, Langevin CN, Nishino M (1973). "Isolation of fractions rich in human Y sperm". Nature. 246 (5433): 421–424. Bibcode:1973Natur.246..421E. doi:10.1038/246421a0. PMID 4587152. S2CID 4173919.
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- Ke-hui Cui (1997). "Size differences between human X and Y spermatozoa and prefertilization diagnosis". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 3 (1): 61–67. doi:10.1093/molehr/3.1.61. PMID 9239709.
- Liu P, Rose GA (1995). "Social aspects of >800 couples coming forward for gender selection of their children". Hum. Reprod. 10 (4): 968–971. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136072. PMID 7650153.
- Ericsson RJ and Ericsson SA. 1999 Sex Ratios. In: Knobil E, Neill JD (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Academic Press, CA. Volume 4, pages 431–437.
- Silverman AY, Stephens SR, Drouin MT, Zack RG, Osborne J, Ericsson SA (2002). "Female sex selection using clomiphene citrate and albumin separation of sperm". Hum. Reprod. 17 (5): 1254–1256. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.5.1254. PMID 11980748.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)