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Erik Olssen

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Erik Newland Olssen ONZM FRSNZ (born 14 December 1941) is a New Zealand historian whose research focuses on the linkages between social structures, politics, and the world of ideas at four spatial domains – the local, provincial, national and global. His early research examined labour history, especially the working-class mobilisation in New Zealand from 1880 to 1940 and included a study of Caversham, regarded as one of the most industrialised areas of New Zealand at that time. He has published several articles and monographs, including a biography of John A. Lee, and a history of Otago. Olssen was an academic in the Department of History at the University of Otago from 1969 until his retirement in 2002, when he was conferred with the title of emeritus professor.

Erik Olssen
ONZM FRSNZ
Born (1941-12-14) 14 December 1941 (age 82)
Hamilton, New Zealand
TitleEmeritus Professor
Academic background
Alma materDuke University
ThesisDissent from normalcy: progressives in Congress, 1918–1925 (1970)
Academic work
DisciplineHistory
Sub-discipline
  • Labour and social history of New Zealand
  • History of Otago
InstitutionsUniversity of Otago
Notable works
  • John A. Lee (1977)[1]
  • A History of Otago (1983)[2]
  • The Red Feds : Revolutionary Industrial Unionism and the New Zealand Federation of Labour 1908–14 (1988)[3]
  • Building the New World: Work, Politics and Society in Caversham 1880s–1920s (1995)[4]
Notable ideasRelationships between politics, society, ideas, culture, and economics shape the lives of individuals and their societies

Early life, education and career

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Olssen was born in Hamilton on 14 December 1941.[5] He was educated at King's High School in Dunedin from 1955 to 1960, being inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in 2021.[6] In 1964 Olssen graduated from the University of Otago with a Bachelor of Arts and with Master of Arts (1st Class Honours) in 1965, both in history and political science.[7] His master's thesis, John Alexander Lee: the stormy petrel: his ideas, their inspiration and influence and his attempts to translate his ideas into legislation, was completed in 1965.[8] After five years at Duke University, he completed a doctorate, a study of Dissent from Normalcy: Congressional Progressivism, 1918–25 and was awarded his PhD in 1970.[9]: 181 [6] While at Duke he also took several papers in sociology and spent a period in 1967 at a summer school at Cornell, funded by the Mathematical Association of America to study the relevance of mathematics and statistics to various historical issues.[9] At Duke, he met and married the socialist feminist historian Andrée Lévesque, with whom he returned to New Zealand.

In 1969, Olssen was recruited to the University of Otago as a lecturer by the head of history, Angus Ross. He was promoted to associate professor in 1978, and to a personal chair in 1984. He was head of the Department of History from 1989 to 1993 and 2000 to 2002. On his retirement in 2002 he was appointed emeritus professor.[10][11][7]

Development and impact as a social historian

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Olssen's father was a historian and a socialist, who instilled in him a respect for evidence-based scholarship.[12]: 222  He became interested in labour politics in the 1970 and 1980s because he felt socialism offered a way toward justice and equality in New Zealand and his involvement in the working-class Caversham branch of the Labour Party, allowed him to study the development and mobilisation of a working-class community.[12]: 222–223 

His work on John A. Lee as the subject of his thesis, showed Olssen there was little historiography related to the development of socialism in New Zealand at the time,[9]: 179  and at Cornell in 1967 Olssen studied the new social history through the lens of "economics, statistics, game theory, [and] sociology", and has credited this time as being influential in his development as a social historian able to write the history of ordinary people.[9]: 183  On his return to New Zealand, much of Olssen's research explored the development of social structures in the country from the early nineteenth century until 1940, specifically examining how "politics, society, ideas, culture, and economics [affected] the lives of individuals and their societies".[10] This focus on social history that explored class and social relationships, was said by historian Jock Phillips to be an area pioneered by Olssen.[13] According to Tony Ballantyne and Brian Moloughney from the University of Otago, Olssen's work significantly shaped understandings of "New Zealand's political traditions, intellectual culture and social formations".[14]: 13 

Towards a History of the European Family in New Zealand co-authored by Olssen in 1978,[15] was seen by two New Zealand historians Bronwyn Labrum and Bronwyn Dalley as being influential in shifting the historiography of New Zealand toward more of a "social historical approach".[16]: 2  In acknowledging that comment, Olssen explained that the article had resulted from him coming into contact with feminism because research by his co-author Andrée Lévesque into women's history had uncovered much that was unrecognised. He said it was timely to draw on work he had done in the U.S. to write about the impact of the family historically in New Zealand.[12]: 224  In 1978, when Olssen wrote an essay in The Gendered Kiwi ,[17] one writer stated that it indicated a shift in position by Olseen toward recognising the need for further research into the family as a primary site where gender is constructed.[18]

In 2008 the New Zealand media published a claim by John Stenhouse, an associate professor at the University of Otago that the country's history was being distorted by "secular and left-liberal" historians, such as Olssen and Keith Sinclair to push their own agendas.[19] Olssen called the claim "either unfair or disingenuous or both" but noted that he had often discussed whether New Zealand was a Christian country with the associate professor and there was some agreement that Christianity had influenced in shaping the values of New Zealand.[19] In an earlier piece Stenhouse had critiqued New Zealand historiography and religion and developed a "secularization thesis", citing as an example Olssen's position that Edward Gibbon Wakefield's social experiment in New Zealand "left little room for religion".[20]: 53–54  In the same article, Stenhouse contended that Olssen's work with Andrée Lévesque in 1978 on the development of the European family in New Zealand, reflected "second wave feminist antipathy toward patriarchy" when they portrayed the churches and clergy in Otago as providing justification for the patriarchal values in the family, community and wider New Zealand society.[20]: 62 

Provincial history: Otago 1800–1920

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In his study of Otago, Olssen explored the history of the province from the relationships between Māori and colonists from Britain that, in the early nineteenth century, resulted in a culturally-respectful regional settlement with a provincial identity,[2]: viii  through its development as a centre in which skilled and unskilled workers became active in advocating for improved working conditions and consolidated the unionised working class as a potential political influence.[21][2]: 111  One reviewer said this interpretation of the development of a working class by Olssen was significant because it situated him in later writings as a historian with the position that class was important in the political development of New Zealand.[22] The history also explored the influence of the rise of Darwinian biology that challenged the biblical view of creation and developed intellectual credibility at the University of Otago where agnosticism and scientific methodology were valued resulting in the work of Dr Fredrick Truby King and the establishment of the Plunket Society.[2]: 159–160 

Local history: the Caversham project

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Main article: The Caversham Project

Establishment and the early years

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From 1975 until 1901, Olssen was Principal Investigator of this project, with the Caversham Borough chosen as the study area because of the availability of electoral rolls and population data from the Census.[23]: 1 [24] A key purpose of the project was to measure the social movement of different categories of people and the related geographic mobility in the borough.[4]: 3  Olssen had studied similar topics while undertaking his PhD at Duke University.[9]: 181–184  Jock Phillips noted in Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand that Olssen's work in Caversham was significant during a time when historians were studying social history in the country.[13] In 2002 an exhibition resulting from a collaboration between the staff of the Otago Settlers Museum and the Caversham Project Team, acknowledged the project.[25][26]: pp.24-27 

Publications

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The Skilled Workers: Journeymen and Masters in Caversham, 1880–1914 (1988).[27] Co-authored by Olssen, this was the first systematic study of mobility in the New Zealand Journal of History. This article informed the investigation of the role played by skilled workers in the process of class formation and how this shaped later political developments in New Zealand.[27]

The Power of the Shop Culture: The Labour Process in the New Zealand Railway Workshops 1890–1930 (1992).[28] Written by Olssen and Jeremy Brecher, this article reflected their research into the building and engineering trades and challenged the idea that large-scale industry inevitably reduced skilled workers' agency, showing that those employed at Hillside Engineering enjoyed and maintained almost complete control over the labour process, [and] "their skill...gave them a sense of identity and pride".[28]: 374 

Building the New World: work, politics and society in Caversham, 1880s–1920s (1995).[4][29] This publication was authored by Olssen following the project receiving considerable funding from the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. One reviewer saw it as representing a change in focus for Olssen from unskilled to skilled workers at a local rather than a national level.[30] Raewyn Dalziel of The University of Auckland held that Olssen's acquaintance with "feminist and post-modern theory" positioned him to analyse the role of women in "work, politics and society", acknowledging he used reliable sources that showed data for most women were excluded if they did not work for wages. Questions did remain for the writer about whether some of the strong statements made by Olssen about perceptions of women at the time added value to the study, with the suggestion that at the very least the evidence needed to be reconsidered to ascertain if exclusions could "point to inclusions and alternative meanings".[31]: 83–84  Len Richardson, a labour and sports historian at the University of Canterbury, suggested that Olssen's study was significant because it traced the process by which the women of the Caversham community were enabled to gain skilled training and more independence in their lives.[32]

Sites of Gender: Women, Men & Modernity in Southern Dunedin, 1890–1939 (2003).[33] Olssen assembling a larger multidisciplinary team in the late 1990s to analyse women's experience and the role of gender in structuring society, resulting in the publication of this book. Olssen took the position that the mobilisation of the workforce in the 1880s had many egalitarian aspects including the formation of some of the first women's unions,[34]: 56  and women became increasingly confident and independent.[34]: 85  Patricia Grimshaw of the University of Melbourne said the editors of the book had placed gender at the centre of an analysis of work in Caversham, and Olssen's contribution was a meta narrative that stressed the "change and continuities of gendering in work."[35]: 139 

Class, Gender and the Vote (2005).[36] This book was the result of a collaboration between some members of the team and a group of academics at the University of Canterbury headed by Professor Miles Fairburn. Olssen co-edited the book and contributed the chapter Marriage Patterns in Dunedin's Southern Suburbs, 1881–1938 which continued to explore the decisions young women made around work and marriage, which Olssen said, were influenced by higher levels of education and more awareness of debates and movements in the wider world related to women's rights.[37]: 98 

Class and Occupation: The New Zealand Reality (2005).[38] A reviewer said while the book was well-researched and very detailed, it was more likely to be of interest to specialists in the field of "demographics and census data...[than]...the general reader".[39]

An Accidental Utopia? Social Mobility and the Foundations of an Egalitarian Society, 1880–1940 (2010).[40] Olssen co-authored this as the fourth book published by the Caversham Project. Writing in the Otago Daily Times Geoffrey Vine, a journalist and Presbyterian minister, noted Olssen's radicalism and "socialist aspirations" and suggested it remained open to debate whether or not the book answered the question in its title.[41]

Movement and Persistence: A Case Study of Southern Dunedin in Global Context (2011).[42] This was a paper submitted by Olssen to Building Attachment in Families (2011)[43], a funded project managed by the Centre for Research, Evaluation and Social Assessment (CRESA), with the goal of identifying how communities are built and sustained to create family wellbeing and manage problems of transience.[43] Olssen used data confirming that within the suburb there were high levels of fluidity and social mixing of the population.[42]: 23 

Working Lives c.1900 A Photographic Essay [44] was launched in August 2014 by Dave Cull a former mayor of Dunedin.[45] One reviewer said that while Olssen invited the reader "to engage with both the richness and limitations of the photographers' gaze", a lack of images related to "household work or child-raising; work-place injuries and ill-health", portrayed a narrow definition of work.[46]: 107  When interviewed about Working Lives Olssen said that in the 1870s and 80s "the values and habits of life that evolved among the working men and women" in Dunedin were also reflected nationally.[47] In Landfall magazine freelance writer, reviewer, artist, and musician James Dignan agreed with this position.[48] Revisiting the history of organized labour in Dunedin in the book, Olssen, suggested that the formation of the first women's union and the general acceptance by middle-class people for unions, resulted in workers actively supporting the development of an independent Labour Party.[44]: 150 

Demographics

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Olssen was on the Steering Panel for Our Futures Te Pae Tāwhiti The 2013 census and New Zealand's changing population (2014) a paper published by the Council of the Royal Society of New Zealand.[49]: 4  Following the release of the paper, Olssen said in the Otago Daily Times that the data from the 2013 Census showed an imbalance in the country with Auckland growing at a much faster rate than some other regions, particularly those in rural areas. He concluded that not only was this contributing toward feelings of resentment, but also meant that ratepayers in areas with less growth could struggle to financially maintain infrastructure, including that required to ensure satisfactory levels of service "for an ageing and possibly dwindling population".[50] In a follow-up document, the Health sub report (2015), Olssen discussed demographic trends relating to mortality, morbidity, and fertility in New Zealand, evaluated health services and explored the determinants of health.[51]

Further journal articles

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  • Mr Wakefield and New Zealand as an Experiment in Post-Enlightenment Experimental Practice (1997). [52]
  • Where to From Here? Reflections on the Twentieth-Century Historiography of Nineteenth-Century New Zealand (1992). [53] Historian Giselle Byrnes, noted in the New Oxford Dictionary (2009) that in the paper, Olssen made "a strong case for more local studies to show variance within generalised histories".[54]: 3 
  • Truby King and the Plunket Society: An Analysis of a Prescriptive Ideology (1981).[55]
  • The Working Class in New Zealand (1974).[56]

Book reviews and media contributions

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  • A peculiarly contemporary figure (1991). [57] Olssen reviewed two books written by K.R. Howe[58] about Edward Tregear, a significant contributor to New Zealand's social and political history during the 1880s.
  • Self-reliant in Victorian New Zealand (1995). [59] This is a review of Nearly Out of Hope and Heart: The puzzle of a colonial labourer's Diary.[60]
  • Public postures, private lives (1999).[61] This is Olssen's review of books about two significant members of the New Zealand labour movement, James Edwards and Jock Barnes
  • Tribute to Michael King (2004). [62]
  • The New Zealand Family from 1840: A Demographic History (2008).[63]
  • Recalling Dunedin's dark days (2008).[64] In an interview to reconsider the effect of the Great Depression on New Zealand, Olssen claimed it was mainly caused by the central Government retrenching to cut spending and borrowing resulting in high levels of unemployment, for which little responsibility was taken leaving it to "local communities...to provide soup kitchens and depots for food, clothing and coal". Olssen noted that even after the passing of the Unemployment Act (1930),[65] the Dunedin City Council and the Otago Hospital Board took most of the responsibility for supporting the unemployed.
  • Graduates facing 'greater challenges(2012). [66] On 27 August 2012, in his presentation to graduates from the University of Otago, Olssen highlighted the differences in the world at the time from when he was a student fifty years previously.[66]
  • Hillary stands atop summit of NZ fame (2013). [67] In 2013, sixty years after Edmund Hillary had conquered Mount Everest, Olssen contributed to the discussion about how the mountaineer ranked among New Zealand's heroes.
  • What we need is a melting pot (2015). [68]
  • Simplicity compounds ignorance (2019). [69]
  • History in the making: the battle over the new school curriculum(2021).[70]

Distinctions

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  • Trustee of the Turnbull Endowment Trust (as of 2023) since 1986 and a member of the Special Committee Alexander Turnbull until it closed in 2003[71]
  • Fellow of the New Zealand Academy of the Humanities (2008)[72]
  • Fellow of the Hoken Library (2007)[73]
  • Member of Cultural Heritage Advisory Group (2006)[74]
  • Distinguished Fulbright Fellow (2004)[75]
  • Chair of the Humanities and Peer Review Law Panel for the first-round of the Performance Based Research Fund 2003.[76]: 247 
  • James Cook Research Fellow (2001)[77]
  • Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (1998)[78]
  • Advisory Committee for the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (1983–1996) [71]: About the Trustees 
  • Dunedin City Council Sesquicentennial Publications Committee (1995–1998)[7]
  • Member Social Science Advisory Committee of Foundation for Research, Science & Technology (1997–2000)[7]
  • Member Otago Goldfields Park Advisory Committee (1977–1984)[5]
  • History Curriculum Committee (1983–1988)[5]

Honours and awards

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In the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours List, Olssen was awarded The Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (O.N.Z.M.) for services to historical research.[79]

Olssen received the Te Rangi Hiroa Medal in 2001.[80]

Olssen's publication Building the New World: work, politics and society in Caversham, 1880s–1920s, won the J.E. Sherrard Prize, 1996.[81]

In 1978 Olssen's book John A. Lee was placed 2nd in the Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Awards.[82]

The Erik Olssen Prize named in recognition of Olssen's work as a historian, is awarded biennially by The New Zealand Historical Association for the best first book by an author on any aspect of New Zealand History.[83]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Olssen, Erik (1977). John A. Lee. Dunedin New Zealand: University of Otago Press. ISBN 0908569041. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023 – via National Library of New Zealand.
  2. ^ a b c d Olssen, Erik (1983). A History of Otago. Dunedin, NZ: J. McIndoe. p. 270. ISBN 0868680583. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ Olssen, Eric (1988). The Red Feds : Revolutionary Industrial Unionism and the New Zealand Federation of Labour 1908–14. Auckland [N.Z.] : Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. ISBN 0195581229. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022 – via National Library of New Zealand.
  4. ^ a b c Olssen, Erik (1995). Building the New World: Work, Politics and Society in Caversham 1880s–1920s. Auckland University Press. p. 308. ISBN 9781869401061. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Taylor, Alister, ed. (1996). "Olssen, Professor Erik Newland". New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. Aotearoa Limited. ISSN 1172-9813.
  6. ^ a b "Wall of Fame". The Kingsmen: King's High School Old Boys Association. 2021. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d Taylor, Alister; Haysom, Rosemary, eds. (2001). "Olssen, Professor Erik Newland". New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa: New Millennium Edition. Aotearoa Limited. ISSN 1172-9813.
  8. ^ Olssen, Erik (1965). "John Alexander Lee: the stormy petrel: his ideas, their inspiration and influence and his attempts to translate his ideas into legislation" (Hocken Library Thesis). University of Otago. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e Taylor, Kerry (2002). "Chapter 11: Writing the Left into the Picture: An Interview with Erik Olssen". In Moloney, Pat; Taylor, Kerry (eds.). On the Left: Essays on Socialism in New Zealand. Otago University Press. pp. 179–197. ISBN 978-1-877276-19-4. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2023 – via University of Otago.
  10. ^ a b "Emeritus Professor Erik Olssen: Research interests". University of Otago : History Kā Kōrero o Nehe. 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  11. ^ "Emeritus Professor Erik Olssen". Royal Society of New Zealand. 5 February 1998. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  12. ^ a b c Olssen, Erik (2006). "Chapter 9: The Shaping of a Field". In Ballantyne, Tony; Moloughney, Brian (eds.). Disputed Histories: Imagining New Zealand's Past. Otago University Press. pp. 215–230. ISBN 9781877372162. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023 – via University of Otago.
  13. ^ a b Phillips, Jock (22 October 2014). "History and historians: New types of historical writing since 1970". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. p. 5. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  14. ^ Ballantyne, Tony; Moloughney, Brian (2006). "Introduction: Angles of a Vision". In Ballantyne, Tony; Moloughney, Brian (eds.). Disputed Histories: Imagining New Zealand's Past. Otago University Press. pp. 9–24. ISBN 9781877372162. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023 – via University of Otago.
  15. ^ Olssen, Erik; Lévesque, Andrée (1978). "Towards a History of the European Family in New Zealand". In Koopman-Boyden, Peggy G. (ed.). Families in New Zealand Society. Methuen: Wellington. pp. 1–26. ISBN 0456023801. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ Dalley, Bronwyn; Labrum, Bronwyn (2000). "Introduction". In Dalley, Bronwyn; Labrum, Bronwyn (eds.). Fragments New Zealand Social & Cultural History. Auckland University Press. pp. 1–13. ISBN 1-86940-185-9. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  17. ^ Olssen, Erik (1999). "Chapter 2: Families and the Gendering of European New Zealand in the Colonial Period, 1840-1880". In Daley, Caroline; Montogomerie, Deborah (eds.). The Gendered Kiwi (Ebook). Auckland University Press. pp. 37–62. ISBN 9781869402198. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023.
  18. ^ Richardson, Shelly (2016). "Introduction" (PDF). Middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c. 1880–1920. ANU Press. pp. 1–34. ISBN 9781760460587. JSTOR j.ctt1q1crn1.6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023 – via Australia National University.
  19. ^ a b Collins, Simon (29 March 2008). "God's own land...maybe even more than we thought". New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  20. ^ a b Stenhouse, John (2004). "God's Own Silence: Secular Nationalism, Christianity and the Writings of New Zealand History". New Zealand Journal of History. 38 (1): 52–71. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2024 – via The University of Auckland.
  21. ^ "Dunedin Trades and Labour Council". Wanganui Chronicle. Vol. XXXVIIII, no. 12287. 23 April 1987. p. 2. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023 – via National Library of New Zealand.
  22. ^ McAloon, Jim. "An Accidental Utopia? Social Mobility and the Foundations of an Egalitarian Society, 1880–1940" (Review). Reviews in History. Review no. 1196. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  23. ^ Olssen, Erik; Ryan, Shaun (28 June 1996). The Local and National: An Occupational Classification for Caversham (Caversham Working Paper, 1998-4) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2004. Retrieved 20 January 2023 – via University of Otago.
  24. ^ "About the Project". caversham.otago.ac. Archived from the original on 14 April 2004. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  25. ^ Brosnahan, Sean G.; Read, Peter J. (2002). The birth of modern times : Dunedin's southern suburbs 1890-1940. Dunedin, N.Z. : Otago Settlers Museum, 2002. ISBN 0908910282. Archived from the original on 16 October 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  26. ^ Finlayson, Claire (October 2002). Thomas, Gillian; Feely, Brigid (eds.). "The Revered Rhodes Scholarships: 100 Year and 45 Otago Scholars Later" (PDF). University of Otago Magazine. No. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  27. ^ a b Boyd, Judi; Olssen, Erik (October 1988). "The Skilled Workers: Journeymen and Masters in Caversham, 1880–1914" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of History. 22 (1): 118–134. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2023 – via The University of Auckland.
  28. ^ a b Olssen, Erik; Brecher, Jeremy (1992). "The Power of the Shop Culture: The Labour Process in the New Zealand Railway Workshops, 1890–1930" (PDF). International Review of Social History. XXXVII (2): 350–355. doi:10.1017/S0020859000111332. S2CID 54590871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via www.jeremyb2echer.org.
  29. ^ " Building the New World (Digital copy). 5 February 1995. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023.
  30. ^ Carter, Ian (November 1995). "Building the New World: Politics and Society in Caversham, 1889s–1920s" (Book Review). Journal of New Zealand Studies. 5 (3): 23–24. doi:10.26686/jnzs.v5i3.468. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2023 – via Victoria University of Wellington.
  31. ^ Dalziel, Raewyn (1996). "Building the New World: Work, Politics and Society in Caversham 1880s–1920s" (Review). New Zealand Journal of History. 30 (1): 82–84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via The University of Auckland.
  32. ^ Richardson, Len (October 1995). "Work and community" (Review: Building the New World: Work, Politics and Society in Caversham 1880s–1920s). New Zealand Review of Books Pukapuka Aotearoa. 5 (20). Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023 – via nzbooks.org.nz.
  33. ^ Brookes, Barbara; Cooper, Annabel; Law, Robin, eds. (2003). Sites of gender: women, men and modernity in Southern Dunedin, 1890–1939. Auckland University Press. ISBN 1869403053. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via University of Otago.
  34. ^ a b Olssen, Erik (2003). "Chapter Three: Working Gender, Gendering Work: Occupational Change and Continuity in Southern Dunedin". In Brookes, Barbara; Cooper, Annabel; Law, Robin (eds.). Sites of gender: women, men and modernity in Southern Dunedin, 1890–1939. Auckland University Press. pp. 50–90. ISBN 1869403053. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  35. ^ Grimshaw, Patricia (2004). "Sites of Gender: Women, Men and Modernity in Southern Dunedin, 1890–1939" (review). The Lilith Collective (13): 138–140. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023 – via Australian Women's History Network.
  36. ^ Fairburn, Miles; et al., eds. (2005). Class, Gender and the Vote: Historical Perspectives from New Zealand. Otago University Press. ISBN 1-877372-02-1. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022.
  37. ^ Olssen, Erik (2005). "Chapter 4: 'For Better or Worse': Marriage Patterns in Dunedin's Southern Suburbs, 1881-1938". In Fairburn, Miles; et al. (eds.). Class, Gender and the Vote: Historical Perspectives from New Zealand. Otago University Press. ISBN 1-877372-02-1. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022.
  38. ^ Olssen, Eric; Hickey, Maureen (2005). Class and Occupation: The New Zealand Reality. Otago University Press. p. 320. ISBN 9781877372032. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  39. ^ Newbold, Greg (1 March 2006). "Once upon a time in Caversham" (Review). New Zealand Review of Books (73). Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  40. ^ Olssen, Erik; Griffen, Clyde; Jones, Frank (2009). An Accidental Utopia? Social mobility and foundations of an egalitarian society, 1880–1940. Dunedin, NZ: Otago University Press. ISBN 978-1-877372-64-3. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 – via Otago University.
  41. ^ Vine, Geoffrey (10 September 2011). "Erik the Red is still flying the flag for the Flat". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  42. ^ a b Olssen, Erik (26 June 2011). "Movement and Persistence: A Case Study of Southern Dunedin in a Global Context" (PDF). Centre for Research, Evaluation and Social Assessment (CRESA). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  43. ^ a b "Building Attachment in Families and Communities". Centre for Research, Evaluation and Social Assessment (CRSA). Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  44. ^ a b Olssen, Erik (2014). Working Lives c. 1900 A Photographic essay. Otago University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-877578-51-9. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022 – via University of Otago.
  45. ^ Paterson, Lachlan (29 August 2014). "Working Lives Book Launch". University of Otago: Centre for Research on Colonial Culture. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  46. ^ Locke, Cybele (2015). "Working lives C. 1900: A Photographic Essay" (Review). Journal of New Zealand Studies. 21: 106–108. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  47. ^ Butler, Liam (16 September 2014). "Liam Butler interviews Emeritus Professor Erik Olssen". Scoop. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  48. ^ Dignan, James (1 May 2015). "The Urban Archeologist". Landfall. Otago University Press. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
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  58. ^ "K.R. Howe". Auckland University Press. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
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