Ernest Thomas Bethell (3 November 1872 – 1 May 1909) was a British journalist. He founded a newspaper that advocated for Korean independence from Japan, The Korea Daily News. He is also known by his Korean name Bae Seol (Korean: 배설; Hanja: 裵說).
Ernest Bethell | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 3 November 1872 |
| Died | 1 May 1909 (aged 36) |
| Nationality | British |
| Other names | Bae Seol (배설, 裵說) |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 배설 |
| Hanja | 裵說 |
| Revised Romanization | Bae Seol |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pae Sŏl |
Arrival in Korea
editIn 1904, Ernest Bethell travelled from Kobe, Japan, where he had been in the export business, to Korea as a correspondent for the Daily Chronicle, with the purpose of reporting on the Russo-Japanese War. He then continued to stay in Korea and reported on Japanese imperialism in Korea. Bethell soon noted the abuses by Japanese soldiers towards Koreans, and how Koreans were treated unfairly and as inferior to the Japanese.
The Korea Daily News
edit
He founded an early newspaper in Korea with Yang Gi-tak, a Korean independence activist, in 1904 called The Korea Daily News, which was published concurrently in Korean as Daehan Maeil Sinbo (대한매일신보; 大韓每日申報). The publication was strongly antagonistic to Japanese rule in Korea.[1] The paper was available in three versions – English, Korean, and Korean mixed script. Many people who opposed the Japanese rule, such as Park Eun-sik and Sin Chae-ho, wrote articles and columns in the paper.
Prosecution for sedition
editAt the time, British subjects enjoyed extraterritorial rights in Korea. Because the paper was published by a British subject, it was not subject to local law. However, in 1907, Bethell was prosecuted in the British Consular Court in Seoul for breach of the peace and given a good behaviour bond of six months.
The next year, at the request of the Japanese Residency-General, Bethell was prosecuted in the British Supreme Court for China and Corea (sic), sitting in Seoul, for sedition against the Japanese government of Korea. He was convicted of sedition and was sentenced by judge F.S.A. Bourne to three weeks of imprisonment and a six-month good behaviour bond.[2] As there was no suitable jail in Korea, he was taken to Shanghai aboard HMS Clio and detained at the British Consular Gaol in Shanghai.[3]
Death
editAfter being released, he returned to Seoul to continue his business. He died of cardiomegaly on 1 May 1909.
Legacy
editThe Korean people erected a monument in his honour, though it was defaced by the Japanese. Another monument was erected near the original one in 1964 by journalists living in South Korea.[4] Both can be now seen at his grave at Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery.
In 1968, he was awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation from the South Korean government.[5]
2012 memorial service
editOn 8 May 2012, a special memorial service organised by the Bethell Commemoration Committee was held for Bethell at the Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery. Former South Korean Prime Minister Lee Soo-sung chaired the ceremony and President Lee Myung-bak sent flowers to mark the event. About 250 people participated in the ceremony, also including Park Yoo-chul, chairman of the Korea Liberation Association. British Ambassador Scott Wrightman spoke at the ceremony, saying:[6]
“This ceremony celebrates Ernest Bethell’s contribution to the history of modern Korea and his particular role in strengthening the bonds which bind our two countries ... Recent events in other parts of the world remind us that freedom of expression is not universal. It’s fitting therefore that we celebrate the role of people such as Ernest Bethell who highlighted the cruelty of imperialism, defended the rights of the marginalized and reaffirmed the basic rights of all to live in a free and just society.”
References
edit- ^ Press, Office of the President Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine also cited by Nicole Cohen, Japanese Periodicals in Colonial Korea, report on Japanese bibliography accessed on Columbia University NY website at [1] July 27, 2006
- ^ North China Herald, 27 June 1908, p825
- ^ North China Herald, 27 June 1908, p841
- ^ Clark, Donald N., comp and ed. The Seoul Foreigners' Cemetery at Yanghwajin: An Informal History with Notes on Other Cemeteries in Korea and Individuals and Families in the History of the Foreign Community in Korea. Seoul: Seoul Union Church, 1998
- ^ "The journalist and missionary who defied Japan". Korea JoongAng Daily. 2008-06-29. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
- ^ "British journalist remembered in Seoul-프린트화면". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
Further reading
edit- Park, Joohyun Jade (2018). "Journalism behind Bars: Bethell's Anti-Japanese English-Korean Newspapers". Victorian Periodicals Review. 51 (1): 86–120. doi:10.1353/vpr.2018.0004.
External links
edit- Yanghwajin Cemetery video about Bethell
- Arirang documentary on Consul-General Cockburn and Bethell (2012): Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 Part 4, Part 5, Part 6, Part 7
- News story (in Korean) on Bethell's fight with the Japanese
- Ernest Thomas Bethell at Find a Grave