Esther Lachmann (French: [ɛstɛʁ laʃman]; better known as La Païva (French: [la paiva]); 7 May 1819 – 21 January 1884) was the most famous of the 19th-century French courtesans.[1] A notable investor and architecture patron, and a collector of jewels, she had a personality so hard-bitten that she was described as the "one great courtesan who appears to have had no redeeming feature".[2] Count Horace de Viel-Castel, a society chronicler, called her "the queen of kept women, the sovereign of her race".[3]
La Païva | |
|---|---|
 Esther Lachmann, in the 1850s | |
| Born | Esther Lachmann May 7, 1819 Moscow, Russia |
| Died | January 21, 1884 (aged 64) Castle Neudeck, Germany |
| Occupation | Courtesan |
Rising from modest circumstances in her native Russia to becoming one of the more infamous women in mid-19th-century France to marrying one of Europe's richest men, Lachmann maintained a noted literary salon out of Hôtel de la Païva, her luxurious mansion at 25 avenue des Champs-Elysées in Paris. Completed in 1866, it exemplified the opulent taste of the Second Empire, and since 1904, it has been the headquarters of the Travellers Club.
Lachmann also inspired the character of the promiscuous, traitorous spy Césarine ("a strange, morbid, monstrous creature")[4] in Alexandre Dumas, fils's 1873 play La Femme de Claude.[5]
Early life
editBorn in Moscow, Russia, Esther Lachmann was the daughter of Martin Lachmann, a weaver, and his wife, the former Anna Amalie Klein, who were Jewish and of Polish descent.
On 11 August 1836, age 17, Lachmann married Antoine François Hyacinthe Villoing, a tailor (died Paris, June 1849).[6] They had one son, Antoine (1837-1862), who died while he was in medical school.[7]
Career and personal life
editMistress of Henri Herz
editLachmann left Villoing shortly after her son's birth, and after traveling to Berlin, Vienna, and Istanbul,[7] she settled in Paris, near the Église Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis and assuming the name Thérèse. Around 1840, she became the mistress of Henri Herz (1803-1888), a pianist, composer, and piano manufacturer, whom she met at Bad Ems, a fashionable spa town in Germany.[7] The relationship gained her entry into artistic, but not aristocratic, society. Richard Wagner, Hans von Bülow, Théophile Gautier, and Emile de Girardin were all friends of the couple. Although Herz often introduced Lachmann as his wife, and she was commonly called Madame Herz, the couple never married because she already had a husband.[3] The couple had a daughter, Henriette (ca. 1847-1859), who was raised by Herz's parents.[8]
Lachmann's avariciousness took a toll on Herz's finances, and in 1848,[9] after their affair began, he traveled to America to pursue business opportunities, including playing concerts, where his performances were characterized by "tameness and torpidity."[2][10][11][12] While he was abroad, Lachmann's spending continued, and Herz's family turned her out of the house in frustration.
Joins the Demimonde
editWhen it became clear that Lachmann was destitute after Herz left for America, one of her friends, courtesan Esther Guimond, had a solution. She took Lachmann to a fashionable milliner named Camille, who advised the Russian émigré to seek her fortune in London, where she could take advantage of that "fairy-land in which noble strangers present beautiful women with £40,000 or £50,000 a year in pin-money."[13] Dressed in borrowed finery,[14] Lachmann "managed to get to...Covent Garden, where she made a profitable display of her other gifts".[15] Her first British conquest was Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley, and she became his mistress for a time.[16]
Her affair with Lord Stanley was followed by other remunerative alliances with "other more or less well-known men of the day",[3] including the duc de Guiche (later 10th duc de Gramont).[3]
Cornelia Otis Skinner wrote that one of La Païva's conquests was Adolphe Gaiffe, a banker of whom she demanded 20 banknotes of 1,000 francs each—which, she stipulated, he must burn one by one during a scheduled 30 minutes of lovemaking. The banker decided to substitute counterfeit banknotes. Even so, the sight of their incineration was so unnerving that he could not accomplish his part of the tryst. Another source, however, states that the courtesan burned the notes, one by one, during her sexual congress with Gaiffe, who bet his friends he would be able to access her favors without payment—and so he did, because the money was fake.[17]
Marries Albino de Araújo de Paiva
editIn the late 1840s, at the spa at Baden, Lachmann met Albino Francisco de Araújo de Paiva (1824-1873), an heir to two important Macao wholesale fortunes, each based, in part, on the opium trade.[18][19][20] Although he was sometimes called a marquis or a viscount, Araújo was not an aristocrat and had no title,[21] being the son of commoners, Albino Gonçalves de Araújo, a Portuguese Colonial merchant, and his wife, the former Mariana Vicência de Paiva. It is possible that Araújo's spurious title came from a popular assumption that he was related to Viscount de Paiva, the Portuguese ambassador to Paris in the 1850s; however, they were not related.
Two years after Lachmann's first husband died, "Pauline Thérèse Lachmann" (as the marriage banns read) and her rich Portuguese suitor were married on 5 June 1851 at a church in Passy; the writer Théophile Gautier was one of the witnesses. The day following the wedding, however, according to the memoirs of Count Horace de Viel-Castel, the new Madame de Païva gave her husband a letter ending the marriage. "You have obtained the object of your desire and have succeeded in making me your wife," she wrote. "I, on the other hand, have acquired your name, and we can cry quits. I have acted my part honestly and without disguise, and the position I aspired to I have gained; but as for you, Mons. de Paiva, you are saddled with a wife of foulest repute, whom you can introduce to no society, for no one will receive her. Let us part; go back to your country; I have your name, and will stay where I am".[3]
Leaving his wife with the £40,000 in securities that were specified in their marriage contract, as well as all the furnishings of their house in rue Rossini, Araújo decamped for Portugal. Not long after their separation, his estranged wife's fortunes greatly changed through an affair with one of Europe's richer men.
Affair with Count Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck
editLa Paiva, as Lachmann became known after her second marriage, crossed paths in 1852 with the 22-year-old Prussian industrialist and mining magnate Count Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck. They met at a party given by the Prussian consul in Paris,[22] and according to Count Viel-Castel, she pursued him across Europe, pretending not to be interested in him but always managing to be in the same city at the same time and at the same social events.[3] The young Reichsgraf was smitten, and upon meeting her again in Berlin, he offered to make La Paiva his mistress and declared that, if she agreed, she would share his fortune.[3] La Paiva, who craved riches more than anything, was reported to have said, after settling down with the count, "All my wishes have come to heel, like tame dogs!"[23]
On 16 August 1871, La Païva obtained an annulment of her marriage to Albino Francisco de Araújo de Païva, and two months later, on 28 October, Thérèse Lachmann (the name she used on the marriage certificate) wed Guido Georg Friedrich Erdmann Heinrich Adalbert, Count Henckel von Donnersmarck, in the Lutheran Church in Paris.[24] (The groom's gift to the bride was a triple-strand diamond necklace formerly owned by the deposed French empress Eugénie.)[24] As for La Païva's former husband, he committed suicide the following year after his fortune was depleted by his ex-wife's avarice, gambling debts, and investments gone sour.[25]
Architecture patron and hostess
editIn addition to purchasing[26] Château de Pontchartrain, near Paris, for La Paiva and giving her an annuity of £80,000,[26] Henckel von Donnersmarck financed[27][22] the construction of the most ostentatious mansion in Paris: Hôtel de la Païva, located at 25 avenue des Champs-Élysées.[26] The land was acquired on 11 July 1855,[28] and the couple commissioned architect Pierre Manguin fr.[29] The house was completed in 1866 by architect Henri Lefeul, and among the artisans who participated in its creation was the young Auguste Rodin, then working for the sculptor Albert Carrier-Belleuse. Among the mansion's celebrated features is a central staircase made of Algerian yellow onyx (far, far more expensive than marble), which matched the Donnersmarck yellow diamonds, and a tub of the same North African stone; another tub, made of silver, had three taps, one being for either milk or Champagne.
La Païva reigned for years as a popular hostess known for her lavish open houses, teas, and dinners and salon frequented largely by well-known male writers, such as Gustave Flaubert, Émile Zola, Paul de Saint-Victor, Arsène Houssaye, and others, including the painter Eugène Delacroix. The bill of fare was so lavish that she overheard two guests discussing how much she could possibly be worth. One posited 10 million francs, at which comment La Païva scoffed "You must be mad. Ten millions? Why that would barely yield an income of 500,000 francs [per year]. Do you think I could give you peaches and ripe grapes in January on 500,000 francs a year? Why my table alone costs me more than that!"[25]
The Henckel von Donnersmarcks also commissioned, in the 1870s, a country house known as Schloss Neudeck; the architect was Hector Lefeul, who worked on Hôtel de Paiva in Paris. Located on the couple's estates in Upper Silesia, Schloss Neudeck was demolished in 1961.
Aging and appearance
editBy the middle of the 19th century, age had eroded La Païva's physical charms, with Count Viel-Castel noting in 1857 that "she is at least forty years old, she is painted and powdered like an old tightrope walker, [and] she has slept with everyone."
A decade later, the Goncourt brothers, diarists of the Second Empire, provided the fullest eyewitness portrait of La Païva, then close to age 50. "White skin, good arms, beautiful shoulders, bare behind down to the hips, the reddish hair under her arms showing each time that she adjusted her shoulder straps; a pear-shaped nose with heavy wings and the tip thick and flattened, like a Kalmuk's nose; the mouth a straight line cutting across a face all white with rice powder. Wrinkles which, under the light, look black in the white face; and down from each side of the mouth a crease in the shape of a horseshoe meeting beneath the chin and cutting across it in a great fold bespeaking age. On the surface, the face is that of a courtezan [sic] who will not be too old for her profession when she is a hundred years old; but underneath, another face is visible from time to time, the terrible face of a painted corpse".[30]
Death
editEsther Lachmann, Countess Henckel von Donnersmarck, died on 21 January 1884, aged 64, at Schloss Neudeck.
According to legend, La Paiva's husband preserved her body in embalming fluid but did not inter it, preferring to store it in an attic at Schloss Neudeck. It reportedly was discovered by his second wife Katharina Slepzow (1862-1929), whom he married in 1887, after she divorced Nikolay Muraviev.[31][32]
References
edit- ^ Farago, Jason. "La Païva: 19th Century Paris' celebrity prostitute". Retrieved 2018-04-07.
- ^ a b Joanna Richardson, La Vie Parisienne: 1852-1870 (H. Hamilton, 1971), page 69
- ^ a b c d e f g Viel-Castel, Count Horace, The Memoirs of Count Horace de Viel-Castel: A Chronicle of the Principal Events, Political and Social, During the Reign of Napoleon III from 1851 to 1864 (Remington and Company, 1888), pages 33-34
- ^ "Mrs. Fiske as Cesarine; Her Skill and Power Well Shown in Dumas's Gloomy Drama", The New York Times, 25 March 1896
- ^ Proceedings of the Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association, Issue 13, Volume 5 (University of North Carolina Press, 1995), page 115
- ^ "La Paiva", The Fortnightly, December 1922, page 482
- ^ a b c "La Paiva", The Fortnightly, December 1922, page 478
- ^ Historia, January 1984, No. 446, page 76
- ^ "La Paiva", The Fortnightly, December 1922, page 479
- ^ Kracauer, Siegfried, Orpheus in Paris: Offenbach and the Paris of His Time (Knopf, 1938), page 120
- ^ "La Paiva", The Fortnightly, December 1922, page 480
- ^ "Musical Matters", New York Daily Times, 17 November 1851
- ^ Frédéric Loliée and Bryan O'Donnell, The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire (Brentano's, 1910), page 112
- ^ "La Paiva", The Jewish Quarterly (Jewish Literary Trust, 2001), Volumes 48-49, page 28
- ^ Rita Wellman, Eugénie, Star-Crossed Empress of the French (C. Scribner's sons, 1941), page 120
- ^ Betsy Proileau and Elizabeth StevensSeductress: Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love (Penguin, 2004), page 69
- ^ Armand Lanoux, Zola (Stamples Press Limited, 1955), page 71
- ^ Celsa Pinto, Trade and Finance in Portuguese India (Concept Publishing Company, 1994), page 78
- ^ Amar Farooqui, Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790-1843 (Lexington Books, 1998), page 238
- ^ By Agnès Pellerin, Les Portugais à Paris: au fil des siècles & des arrondissements (Editions Chandeigne, 2009), pages 111-113
- ^ Virginia Rounding, Grandes Horizontales (Bloomsbury, 2003)
- ^ a b "Hotel de Paiva", Country Life, 25 September 1969, page 744
- ^ Richardson 2000 pp. 50 - 66.
- ^ a b Charles A. Dolph, The Real 'Lady of the Camellias' and Other Women of Quality (Frank-Maurice, 1927), page 88
- ^ a b Frédéric Loliée and Bryan O'Donnell, The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire (Brentano's, 1910), page 117-122
- ^ a b c Frédéric Loliée and Bryan O'Donnell, The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire (Brentano's, 1910), page 124
- ^ The Fortnightly, Volume 118 (Chapman and Hall, 1922) page 483
- ^ Charles A. Dolph, The Real 'Lady of the Camellias' and Other Women of Quality (Frank-Maurice, 1927), page 77
- ^ Allen, Peter (28 March 2010). "French 'Love palace' built by famous prostitute restored". Retrieved 4 July 2013.
- ^ Katie Hickman, Courtesans: Money, Sex and Fame in the Nineteenth Century (HarperCollins, 2004), page 253-254
- ^ Richardson, 2000
- ^ "French 'Love palace' built by famous prostitute restored", Telegraph, 28 Mar 2010
Sources
edit- Pierre Levellois and Gaston d'Angelis (ed. dirs.), Les châteaux de l'Ile de France, pp. 170–172. Paris: Hachette, 1965. English translation of French edition of 1963.
- Joanna Richardson, The Courtesans: The Demi-Monde in 19th-Century France, pp. 50–66. London: Phoenix Press, 2000.
- Virginia Rounding, Grandes Horizontales: The Lives and Legends of Four Nineteenth-Century Courtesans. London: Bloomsbury, 2004. ISBN 978-1-58234-450-8
- Cornelia Otis Skinner, Elegant Wits and Grand Horizontals, pp. 221–222. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1962.