Jellicle cats (/ˈdʒiːlɪkəl/[citation needed]) are a fictional[1] type of feline from Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats, a 1939 collection of light poetry by T. S. Eliot. Jellicle cats were adapted for the 1981 stage musical Cats by Andrew Lloyd Webber, where the wide array of diverse Jellicles is central to the musical's worldbuilding.[2]
Origins
edit"Jellicle cats" are briefly mentioned in T. S. Eliot's 1933 poem "Five-Finger Exercises", although they are not described until Eliot's poem "The Song of the Jellicles", depicting the cats as commonly nocturnal, black and white, scruffy cats. Eliot specifically mentions how they gather at an event called the "Jellicle Ball". The name "Jellicle" comes from Eliot's unpublished poem "Pollicle Dogs and Jellicle Cats", where "Pollicle dogs" is a corruption of "poor little dogs" and "Jellicle cats" of "dear little cats".[3]
In contrast with their source material, the Jellicles in Cats possess many kinds of coat-patterns, diverse personalities, and individual talents. Many of the ensemble characters were created by the original 1981 London cast through extensive improvisation sessions held during the rehearsal process.[2] Musical theatre scholar Vagelis Siropoulos noted that the level of detail given to each character was crucial in fleshing out the fantasy world of Cats, with even the minor cats having established personalities, relationships, and hierarchies within the tribe.[4] In the musical, sub-plots involving individual Jellicle cats include the struggle of Grizabella, a former "glamour cat", and the kidnapping of the Jellicle patriarch, Old Deuteronomy.
A total of 54 cat names are given in Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats,[5] most of which Eliot derived from British culture, including references to Anglican traditions, historic and literary figures, as well as geographical locations.[6] When not taken from a corresponding eponymous poem, many of the musical's character names are from Eliot's poem "The Naming of Cats".[2]
In popular culture
editThe 1976 film Logan's Run has the old man offering one of his Jellicle cats to Logan.
Since 2014, the refrain of “Jellicle Songs for Jellicle Cats” from the musical cast recording has been a running gag on the animated series BoJack Horseman; the refrain plays on a loop as the “on hold” music for anthropomorphic cat Princess Carolyn.
The 2017 picture book Jellicle Cats published by Faber and Faber adapts "The Song of the Jellicles" as a standalone poem.[7]
Madame Tussauds New York displays wax figures of some of the musical's Jellicle cats since 2019, including Grizabella who performs the show's theme song.[8]
The 2020 Dungeons & Daddies episode "The Jellicle Ball" features a game played with a team of Jellicle cats.[9]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Rekha S. Rajan (23 May 2012). Integrating the Performing Arts in Grades K–5. SAGE Publications. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-4522-7976-3.
- ^ a b c Sternfeld 2006, pp. 130–132
- ^ Now Lloyd Webber puts Eliot's dogs to music – Telegraph Milner, Catherine. Now Lloyd Webber puts Eliot's dogs to music. The Sunday Telegraph (London, UK). 20 January 2002: 6.
- ^ Siropoulos 2008, pp. 184–185
- ^ Robbins 2013, pp. 21–22
- ^ Robbins 2013, p. 31
- ^ "Jellicle Cats". Faber and Faber. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ^ "Broadway fans will love this new immersive Madame Tussauds exhibit featuring 'Cats,' 'Phantom,' 'Big' and more". USA Today. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ "Dungeons and Daddies, Ep 35. The Jellicle Ball".
Bibliography
edit- Eliot, T. S.; Eliot, Valerie; Lloyd Webber, Andrew; Nunn, Trevor; Lynne, Gillian; Napier, John (1983). Cats: The Book of the Musical. Harvest Books. ISBN 978-0156155823.
- Robbins, Dorothy Dodge (2013). "Imperial Names for 'Practical Cats': Establishing a Distinctly British Pride in Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats". Names. 61 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1179/0027773812Z.00000000035. ISSN 0027-7738. S2CID 191334996.
- Siropoulos, Vagelis (2008). The Ideology and Aesthetics of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Musicals: From Broadway Musical to the British Megamusical (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
- Sternfeld, Jessica (2006). The Megamusical. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34793-0.
- Stewart, John (2014). "128. Cats". Broadway Musicals, 1943–2004, (2 volume set). McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786495658.