The Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is indigenous to freshwater streams and tributary systems in Okaloosa and Walton Counties in northwest Florida.
| Okaloosa darter | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Percidae |
| Genus: | Etheostoma |
| Species: | E. okaloosae
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| Binomial name | |
| Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler, 1941)
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| Synonyms[6] | |
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Description
editThe Okaloosa darter is a small slender fish with a maximum length of 5.3 cm (2.1 in) but a more common adult size is 4.3 cm (1.7 in).[6] It is a silvery brownish-green in color with irregular dark mottling and longitudinal lines of tiny dark spots.
Distribution and habitat
editThe Okaloosa darter is restricted to six small river systems draining into the Choctawhatchee Bay drainage system in Okaloosa and Walton counties in the panhandle of Florida. Ninety percent of its range is within the Eglin Air Force Base.[1] It is found in shallow clear creeks among vegetation over sandy bottoms. Eggs are deposited on the bed of the creek and are not guarded by an adult fish as happens in some members of this family.[6]
Status
editBecause of extensive habitat improvement and efforts by the Jackson Guard at Eglin Air Force Base, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service downlisted the species from endangered to threatened status in 2011.[4] The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service delisted the Okaloosa darter in 2023 due to its recovery.[5] The IUCN has classified this species as being "Least concern".[1] It is protected as a listed species under Annex II of the Specially Protected Areas and Wildife (SPAW) Protocol to the Cartagena Convention since 1991.[7]
All known habitats of the fish (tributaries of Rocky, Toms, and Boggy Bayou) are presently being affected by commercial development and/or road construction.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b c NatureServe (2014). "Etheostoma okaloosae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T8123A13387530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T8123A13387530.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ 38 FR 14678
- ^ a b Herrington, Karen; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1 April 2011). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reclassification of the Okaloosa Darter From Endangered to Threatened and Special Rule". Federal Register. 76 (63): 18087–18103. 76 FR 18087
- ^ a b U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment Team; Florida Ecological Services Field Office (28 June 2023). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of the Okaloosa Darter From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife". Federal Register. 88 (123): 41835–41854. 88 FR 41835
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Etheostoma okaloosae". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ "List of species of marine and coastal wildlife strictly protected under the SPAW Protocol in Annex II" (PDF). SPAW-RAC. The Regional Activity Centre for the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife for the Wider Caribbean Region. 29 August 2019. pp. 3–6. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
Collette, B.B., and R.W. Yerger. 1962. The American Percid Fishes of the Subgenus Villora. Tulane Stud. Zool. 9:213-230.
Jelks, H.L., and F. Jordan. 2010. Okaloosa darter research at Eglin Air Force Base.
Mettee, M.F., and E. Crittenden. 1979. A study of Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler) and E. edwini (Hubbs and Cannon) in Northwestern Florida, 1975-78. Rep. to U.S. Fish and Wild. Serv., Atlanta, GA.
Ogilvie, V.E. 1980. Endangered Wildlife Project. E-1, Study I-J: Okaloosa darter investigation. Completion report, October 1, 1977-June 3O, 1980. Fla. Fresh Water Fish Comm., Tallahassee.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1981. Recovery Plan for the Okaloosa Darter (Etheostoma okaloosae). Prepared by the Okaloosa Darter Recovery Team for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta Georgia. 24 pp.
Yerger, R.W. 1978. Okaloosa Darter, pp. 2–4. In C.R. Gilbert (ed.). Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vol. 4, Fishes. Univ. Press. Fla., Gainesville.