Exeter Book riddle 9

Exeter Book Riddle 9 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records)^[1] is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book, in this case on folio 103r–v. The solution is believed to be 'cuckoo'.^[2]^[3]^[4] The riddle can be understood in its manuscript context as part of a sequence of bird-riddles.^[5]

Text

As translated by Harriet Soper, Riddle 9 runs:

Mec on þissum dagum deadne ofgeafun
fæder ond modor; ne wæs me feorh þa gen,
ealdor in innan. Þa mec an ongon,
welhold mege, wedum þeccan,
heold ond freoþode, hleosceorpe wrah
swa arlice swa hire agen bearn,
oþþæt ic under sceate, swa min gesceapu wæron,
ungesibbum wearð eacen gæste.
Mec seo friþe mæg fedde siþþan,
oþþæt ic aweox, widdor meahte
siþas asettan. Heo hæfde swæsra þy læs
suna ond dohtra, þy heo swa dyde.^[6]

In these days my father and mother
gave me up for dead; there was no life in me yet,
vitality inside. Then began a certain one,
a most faithful kinswoman, to cover me with clothes,
kept and cared for me, wrapped me in a protective-garment,
as graciously as she did her own children,
until under a covering, as was my fate,
I became increased with spirit among the unrelated.
The fair kinswoman fed me afterwards,
until I grew and might wider
set my paths. She had fewer dear ones,
son and daughters, because she did so.^[7]^: 844

Editions and translations

Megan Cavell, translation and commentary for Riddle 9, The Riddle Ages: Early Medieval Riddles, Translations and Commentaries, ed. by Megan Cavell, with Matthias Ammon, Neville Mogford and Victoria Symons (Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2020 [first publ. 2013])
Foys, Martin et al. (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project (Madison, WI: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). Online edition annotated and linked to digital facsimile, with a modern translation.

Recordings

Michael D. C. Drout, 'Riddle 9', performed from the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records edition (19 October 2007).

References

^ George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie (eds), The Exeter Book, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), p. 185.
^ Megan Cavell, translation and commentary for Riddle 9, The Riddle Ages: Early Medieval Riddles, Translations and Commentaries, ed. by Megan Cavell, with Matthias Ammon, Neville Mogford and Victoria Symons (Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2020 [first publ. 2013]).
^ Jennifer Neville, 'Fostering the Cuckoo: Exeter Book Riddle 9', Review of English Studies, 58 (2007), 431–46.
^ Dieter Bitterli, 'The Survival of the Dead Cuckoo: Exeter Book Riddle 9', in Thomas Honegger (ed.), Riddles, Knights and Cross-Dressing Saints: Essays on Medieval English Language and Literature (Bern, 2004), 95–114.
^ Richard Fahey, 'Encoded References in Exeter Book Bird-Riddles', Medieval Studies Research Blog: Meet us at the Crossroads of Everything (6 December 2019).
^ The Exeter Book, ed. George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (ASPR), 3 (New York, NY, and London, 1936), p. 185.
^ Harriet Soper, 'Reading the Exeter Book Riddles as Life-Writing', The Review of English Studies, New Series, 68 [no. 287] (2017), 841–65, doi:10.1093/res/hgx009.

[1] George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie (eds), The Exeter Book, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), p. 185.

[2] Megan Cavell, translation and commentary for Riddle 9, The Riddle Ages: Early Medieval Riddles, Translations and Commentaries, ed. by Megan Cavell, with Matthias Ammon, Neville Mogford and Victoria Symons (Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2020 [first publ. 2013]).

[3] Jennifer Neville, 'Fostering the Cuckoo: Exeter Book Riddle 9', Review of English Studies, 58 (2007), 431–46.

[4] Dieter Bitterli, 'The Survival of the Dead Cuckoo: Exeter Book Riddle 9', in Thomas Honegger (ed.), Riddles, Knights and Cross-Dressing Saints: Essays on Medieval English Language and Literature (Bern, 2004), 95–114.

[5] Richard Fahey, 'Encoded References in Exeter Book Bird-Riddles', Medieval Studies Research Blog: Meet us at the Crossroads of Everything (6 December 2019).

[6] The Exeter Book, ed. George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (ASPR), 3 (New York, NY, and London, 1936), p. 185.

[7] Harriet Soper, 'Reading the Exeter Book Riddles as Life-Writing', The Review of English Studies, New Series, 68 [no. 287] (2017), 841–65, doi:10.1093/res/hgx009.

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