Wikipedia

Extinction Rebellion

(Redirected from Extinction rebellion)

Extinction Rebellion (abbreviated as XR) is a UK-founded global environmental movement,[10][11] with the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel government action to avoid tipping points in the climate system, biodiversity loss, and the risk of social and ecological collapse.[8][12][13] Extinction Rebellion was established in Stroud in May 2018 by Gail Bradbrook,[14][15][16] Simon Bramwell,[1] Roger Hallam, Stuart Basden, along with six other co-founders from the campaign group Rising Up![14][17]

Extinction Rebellion
Named afterAnthropocene extinction
Formation31 October 2018; 6 years ago (2018-10-31)
FoundersGail Bradbrook
Roger Hallam
Simon Bramwell[1]
Stuart Basden
Clare Farrell[2]
Robin Boardman-Pattinson[3]
4 others[4]
Founded atStroud, United Kingdom
TypeAdvocacy group
PurposeClimate change mitigation
Nature conservation
Environmental protection
Societal transformation to a regenerative culture
Sortition[5][6][7]
Region
International
FieldsConservation movement
Environmental movement
AffiliationsRising Up![8]
Animal Rebellion[9]
XR Youth
Websiterebellion.global

Its first major action was to occupy the London Greenpeace offices on 17 October 2018,[18] which was followed by the public launch at the "Declaration of Rebellion" on 31 October 2018 outside the UK Parliament.[14][19] Earlier that month, about one hundred academics signed a call to action in their support.[20] In November 2018, five bridges across the River Thames in London were blockaded as a protest.[21] In April 2019, Extinction Rebellion occupied five prominent sites in central London: Piccadilly Circus, Oxford Circus, Marble Arch, Waterloo Bridge, and the area around Parliament Square. In August 2021, the Impossible Rebellion targeted London.

Citing inspiration from grassroots movements such as Occupy, the suffragettes,[21] and the civil rights movement,[21] Extinction Rebellion aims to instill a sense of urgency for preventing further "climate breakdown",[21][22] as well as the ongoing sixth mass extinction.[23] A number of activists in the movement accept arrest and imprisonment,[24] similar to the mass arrest tactics of the Committee of 100 in 1961. The movement uses a stylised, circled hourglass, known as the extinction symbol, to serve as a warning that time is rapidly running out for many species.[25][26]

Extinction Rebellion has been criticised as alienating potential supporters.[27][28] Extinction Rebellion's 2019 protests cost the Metropolitan Police an extra £7.5 million. Activists identifying with the movement have also defended causing property damage, such as smashing windows.[29][30] Extinction Rebellion has said such tactics are sometimes necessary and that they are careful not to put anyone at risk.[31] In a YouGov poll of 3,482 British adults conducted on 15 October 2019, 54% "strongly opposed" or "somewhat opposed" Extinction Rebellion's actions of disrupting roads and public transport to "shut down London" in order to bring attention to their cause, while 36% "strongly supported" or "somewhat supported" these actions.[32][33]

Stated aims and principles

edit

Aims

edit
 
Extinction Rebellion placard containing its logotype with the extinction symbol

Extinction Rebellion's website, at the time of the group's inception in the UK, stated the following aims:[34][35]

When the movement expanded to the United States, a further demand was added to that group's list: "We demand a just transition that prioritizes the most vulnerable people and indigenous sovereignty; establishes reparations and remediation led by and for Black people, Indigenous people, people of colour and poor communities for years of environmental injustice, establishes legal rights for ecosystems to thrive and regenerate in perpetuity, and repairs the effects of ongoing ecocide to prevent extinction of human and all species, in order to maintain a livable, just planet for all."[37][38]

Organisation

edit

Structure

edit
 
A protest in King George Square, Brisbane (2020)

Extinction Rebellion is a loosely networked, decentralised, grassroots movement, with largely autonomous local groups – which often collaborate on actions – forming the bulk of the movement's organisational capacity. A local group is generally based around a specific geographical locality such as a suburb, city or in some cases a larger region. The movement also organises around affinity groups.[39][10][40][41]

Anyone who takes action in pursuit of "XR's three goals and adheres to its ten principles, which includes non-violence, can claim to do it in the name of XR."[40]

The Economist identified the group as using the tenets of holacracy to operate more effectively given strong state opposition.[42]

Organisation and roles

edit

Extinction Rebellion has a decentralised structure.[43] Providing that they respect the 'principles and values', every local group can organise events and actions independently. To organise the movement, local groups are structured with various 'working groups' taking care of strategy, outreach, well-being, etc.[citation needed]

Wings

edit

Doctors for XR

edit

A group of health professionals named 'Doctors for Extinction Rebellion' supports XR actions and organises demonstrations on their own, warning about the effects of climate change on human health. They are notably present in the United Kingdom[44] and Switzerland.[45][46]

XR Youth

edit
Main article: Extinction Rebellion Youth

A youth wing—XR Youth—of Extinction Rebellion had formed by July 2019.[47] In contrast to the main XR, it is centered around consideration of the Global South and indigenous peoples, and more concerned with climate justice.[37][48] By October 2019 there were 55 XR Youth groups in the UK and another 25 elsewhere.[48] All XR Youth comprise people born after 1990, with an average age of 16, and have been as young as 10.[48]

Christian Climate Action

edit

Believing humans to be God's stewards of the earth, XR's Christian wing, the Christian Climate Action, has been involved in numerous direct action campaigns and other protests to bring awareness of climate change and the climate crisis. It has called for churches in the UK to help alleviate poverty and inequality caused by climate change and has also written to Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury, over the Church of England's lack of support for the group.[49]

It has a membership of over 1000 (with around 150 taking direct action).[49] It is associated with Camino to Cop26, a women-run faith group that walked 500 miles to the COP26 conference in Glasgow to protest world leaders' lack of action on climate change. Other groups such as Marcha a Glasgow, the Pilgrimage for Cop26 and the Young Christian Climate Network also walked to the conference; they have described the journey as a pilgrimage.[50][51]

History

edit
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Extinction Rebellion actions.
 
"Declaration of Rebellion" at Parliament Square, 2018

Extinction Rebellion originated in the United Kingdom at a meeting of activists including Gail Bradbrook, Roger Hallam and Simon Bramwell in April 2018, at which they drew up a number of goals.[1] About one hundred academics signed a call to action in their support in October 2018,[20] and XR was launched on 31 October by Hallam,[52][53] Bradbrook,[52][53] Simon Bramwell, and other activists from the campaign group Rising Up![17]

Grassroots movements such as those of Occupy, Gandhi's Satyagraha,[21] the suffragettes,[21] Gene Sharp,[54] Martin Luther King Jr. and others in the civil rights movement have been cited as sources of inspiration[21] In seeking to rally support worldwide around a common sense of urgency to tackle climate breakdown,[22] reference is also made to Saul Alinsky. His "Pragmatic Primer," Rules for Radicals (1972),[55] is seen as offering insights as to "how we mobilise to cope with emergency", and "strike a balance between disruption and creativity".[56] Roger Hallam has been clear that the strategy of public disruption is "heavily influenced" by the community-organizing tactician: "The essential element here is disruption. Without disruption, no one is going to give you their eyeballs".[57]

A number of activists in the movement accept arrest and imprisonment, similar to the mass arrest tactics of the Committee of 100 in 1961.[24][58]

On 9 December 2018, a second open letter of support signed by another hundred academics was published.[59]

 
"Rebellion Day" on Blackfriars Bridge, 2018

Extinction Rebellion has taken a variety of actions since 2018 in the UK, United States, Australia and elsewhere.[42]

On 5 October 2021, the group blocked streets in Zurich, Switzerland, demanding that the Swiss government take measures to address climate change in the country.[60]

On 4 November 2021, Extinction Rebellion demonstrators blocked the Schlumberger Gould Research Centre in west Cambridge to oppose the research into fossil fuel extraction by an American corporation. The demonstration was scheduled to coincide with the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, which is focusing on energy.[61]

In April 2022, activists from Extinction Rebellion blocked key bridges across London, among them two Olympic athletes. Protestors had been arrested after climbing oil tankers, anchoring themselves to structures, or blocking roads at oil depots.

In September 2024 activists from Extinction Rebellion chained themselves to the access gates of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, forcing its closure. The activists said they would only leave if the museum cuts all ties with the ING bank.[62]

In September 2024, activists from Extinction Rebellion covered the Finnish Parliament House in red paint, which according to testers, may not be able to be removed without damage.[63] Extinction Rebellion is under threat of being classified as a criminal organization and abolished due to a Citizens' Initiative which received over 70 000 signatures within a day,[64][65] in response to which, members of Extinction Rebellion have fantasized about violence and the collapse of the government.[66][67][68]

Offshoots: Insulate Britain and Just Stop Oil

edit
Main articles: Insulate Britain protests and Just Stop Oil

In Britain in 2021 some campaigners considered that XR was being ignored by government (except for legislating against protests) and no longer had the effect needed to create real change, so other groups were formed with the idea of using mass disruption and arrest to draw attention to a very specific demand. Insulate Britain was set up to demand that the government implement measures to fit all homes with improved insulation by 2030 to improve energy efficiency thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Just Stop Oil from 2022 protested against fossil fuels. Both groups carried out disruptive protests, blocking traffic and seeking to be arrested.[69]

Arrest as a tactic

edit
 
Street or building blockades are one way activists use to increase awareness.
 
A law enforcement officer works to cut the chains off protesters that are chained to each other.

Extinction Rebellion uses mass arrest as a tactic to generate attention to their cause by wasting police time and disrupting others.[70][71] Extinction Rebellion's founders researched the histories of "the suffragettes, the Indian salt marchers, the civil rights movement and the Polish and East German democracy movements", who all used the tactic, and are applying their lessons to the climate crisis.[72] Co-founder Roger Hallam has said "letters, emailing, marches don't work. You need about 400 people to go to prison. About two to three thousand people to be arrested."[70]

In April 2024 Hallam was given a suspended two year sentence for attempting to block Heathrow Airport with drones, and in July 2024 he was convicted of conspiracy to cause a public nuisance by blocking the M25 motorway and sentenced to five years' imprisonment.[73]

In June and July 2019 some of the Extinction Rebellion supporters arrested that April appeared in court in the UK. On 25 June a 68-year-old protester was convicted of breaching a section 14 order giving police the power to clear static protests from a specified area, and given a conditional discharge.[74] On 12 April over 30 protesters appeared in court, each charged with being a public assembly participant failing to comply with a condition imposed by a senior police officer at various locations on various dates. Some pleaded guilty, and were mostly given conditional discharges. The trials of those who pleaded not guilty are to take place in September and October.[75][needs update]

In London's April 2019 protests 1130 arrests were made,[76] and during the two-week October 2019 actions in London as part of "International Rebellion", 1832 arrests were made.[77] This included the Green Party Member of European Parliament for the West Midlands, Ellie Chowns, as well as Green Party co-leader and Leader of the opposition on Lambeth Council, Jonathan Bartley.[78]

On 16 November 2023, a jury acquitted nine members of XR who together had caused £500,000 worth of criminal damage to the windows of the London headquarters of HSBC bank two years prior as a climate protest. The defendants did not dispute the facts of the case. The jury deliberated for just two hours before returning a verdict of not guilty.[79][80]

Support and funding

edit
 
Environmental supporter at one of the events highlighting research published on biodiversity loss.

During the "International Rebellion", which started on 15 April 2019, actions and messages of support arrived from various sources, including a speech by actress Emma Thompson, a planned visit by school strike leader Greta Thunberg, and statements from former NASA scientist James Hansen and linguist and activist Noam Chomsky.[81]

A study conducted during the first two days of the mid-April London occupation, polling 1539 participants, found that 46% of respondents supported the rebellion;[82] however, an opinion poll of 3482 British adults in October 2019 found that support was lower and that 54% of respondents strongly or somewhat opposed actions aiming to "shut down London"[83] The protests on 17 April had blocked access to means of transport including buses, alienating travellers.[84][85]

In May 2019, Roger Hallam and eight others stood as candidates in the European Parliament elections in the London and the South West England constituencies as Climate Emergency Independents.[86][87] Between them, they won 7,416 out of the 3,917,854 total votes cast in the two constituencies.[88][89]

In June 2019, 1,000 healthcare professionals in the UK and elsewhere, including professors, public health figures, and former presidents of royal colleges, called for widespread non-violent civil disobedience in response to "woefully inadequate" government policies on the unfolding ecological emergency. They called on politicians and the news media to face the facts of the unfolding ecological emergency and take action. They supported the school strike movement and Extinction Rebellion.[90]

In July 2019 Trevor Neilson, Rory Kennedy and Aileen Getty launched the Climate Emergency Fund (CEF),[52][91] inspired by Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion protesters in the UK in April.[92] It donated almost half a million pounds to Extinction Rebellion groups in New York City and Los Angeles and school strike for climate groups in the US.[52][91][92] In September 2019 Getty pledged $600,000 (£487,000) to the Fund.[93]

Christopher Hohn gave £50,000 to the group and the charity he co-founded, The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (TCI), has donated more than £150,000.[94][95] As of January 2022, TCI was the single biggest individual donor to Extinction Rebellion.[96] In 2019, TCI said that none of its money was spent on civil disobedience.[97][relevant?]

In October 2019, the Financial Times wrote that Extinction Rebellion's total fundraising was "just over £2.5m in the past 12 months."[98]

Michael Stipe is a supporter, with all profits from his debut solo single "Your Capricious Soul" going to Extinction Rebellion.[99][100]

On 6 February 2020, the environmental organization Mobilize Earth debuted Guardians of Life, the first of twelve short films that highlight the most pressing issues facing humanity and the natural world. Funds raised by the project went to Amazon Watch and Extinction Rebellion.[101]

In September 2021, YouGov asked 3,296 British adults for their opinions on Extinction Rebellion, of which 19% were "fairly positive" or "very positive", and 49% were "very negative" or "fairly negative".[102]

The XR UK web site list the terms of service are under “Extinction Rebellion UK (Compassionate Revolution Ltd)”. [103] Compassionate Revolution Ltd is a subsidiary of Climate Emergency Action Limited, and serves XR UK. [104]

Criticism

edit

Diversity

edit
 
Event in Jakarta, Indonesia, just one of the many countries represented by the organization.

Ben Smoke, one of the Stansted 15, writing in The Guardian, criticised XR's tactic of mass arrest. He wrote for XR to casually speak of imprisonment undermines the negative experiences of incarceration on Black, Asian and minority ethnic people in the UK. He also wrote that for XR to be supporting peoples' court cases risks drawing significant "resources, time, money and energy" from the environmental movement, from the individuals involved, and which could otherwise be directed towards people most affected by climate change. Smoke instead recommended tactics that are not only the preserve of those able to afford the expense and time of arrest. He also wrote that though mass arrests may be intended to cause government to focus more on tackling climate change, it might instead cause government to increase anti-protest legislation.[70]

The critique of XR's middle class white privilege, that its mass arrest tactic does not consider that people of colour will not be treated as leniently by the system as white people, was also highlighted in an open letter from Wretched of the Earth, an environmental group that focuses on black, brown and indigenous voices, to XR.[37][105] The group responded to this critique with a thank you, pointing out their solidarity and commitment to diversity of membership as well diversity in styles of engagement (for example, one does not need to volunteer for a prison term in order to be an active member of XR).[106]

Some in Extinction Rebellion have also called attention to Martin Luther King Jr. (one of XR's guiding inspirations[107][16]) in this regard, noting that his call for civil disobedience to end segregation was a call directed toward all who were willing and able, regardless of race or colour.[108]

When the movement expanded to the US, a fourth demand was added to that group's list of demands: for a "just transition that prioritises the most vulnerable and indigenous sovereignty [and] establishes reparations and remediation led by and for black people, indigenous people, people of colour and poor communities for years of environmental injustice."[37]

Class

edit

Karen Bell, senior lecturer in human geography and environmental justice at the University of West of England, Bristol, wrote in The Guardian that environmental groups such as Extinction Rebellion are not strongly rooted in working-class organisations and communities, which she said is a problem because building the broad-based support necessary for a radical transition to sustainability requires contributions from all strands of environmentalism, especially working class.[109] Labour Party shadow cabinet member Lisa Nandy criticised the organisation in The Guardian in October 2019, saying "calls for individual action can't just be modelled on the lifestyles of middle class city dwellers".[110]

George Monbiot has also written in The Guardian that "Extinction Rebellion is too white, and too middle class."[72] The Canning Town protest, in which two activists scaled a train at Canning Town station, then kicked working class commuters who attempted to remove them from the train before being dragged onto the platform and mobbed,[111] focused attention on class issues and led to an apology from an XR spokesman.[112][39][113][114][115][116][117]

Timescale

edit

According to the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, which supports XR's course of strong action and demands, the time frame being urged by XR is "an ambition that technically, economically and politically has absolutely no chance of being fulfilled." Due to the inaction of governments in the past, it would be difficult to achieve net zero in such a short time frame. It said that one way to go net zero by 2025 would include the scrapping of flying and 38 million petrol and diesel cars would need to be removed from the roads. Twenty-six million gas boilers would need to be disconnected in six years.[118] The Rapid Transition Alliance and the Centre for Alternative Technology are more positive about the date specified.[119][120]

Alleged extremism

edit
 
Member of the Extinction Rebellion Climbing Division high up on a pole to make arrest by the police more difficult

A report called "Extremism Rebellion" by Policy Exchange, a UK-based conservative think tank, said that Extinction Rebellion is an extremist organisation seeking the breakdown of liberal democracy and the rule of law,[121] and called for the criminalisation of the group; the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 was based on the 2019 report by Policy Exchange, which received in 2017 a $30,000 donation by US-based oil and gas corporation ExxonMobil,[122][123] to target Extinction Rebellion.[124]

In 2019, the South East Counter Terrorism Unit police authority listed Extinction Rebellion, alongside neo-Nazi and Islamist terrorist groups, as a threat in a guide titled "Safeguarding young people and adults from ideological extremism". After media inquiries, they recalled and disavowed this guide,[125] saying the presence of Extinction Rebellion was an error.[124] Priti Patel, who advocated for the aforementioned policing bill, defended the decision to designate Extinction Rebellion as an extremist group after the guide was disavowed.[124]

In 2023, BBC News reported that climate activists were being referred to the Prevent strategy, a counterterrorism scheme aimed at identifying extremists who may become violent. Between 2015 and 2022, 32 individuals had been referred to Prevent for "Left Wing - Environmental" reasons, and a 2019 spike in reports was associated with the rise of Extinction Rebellion. The Prevent strategy, in general and in its specific use against environmental activists, has been criticised as having a chilling effect on freedom of expression.[126]

Politics and ideology

edit
 
Extinction Rebellion Solidarity with the French Citizens' Assembly on Climate

Extinction Rebellion's third demand ("Government must create and be led by the decisions of a Citizens' Assembly on climate and ecological justice") has been summarised by its leadership as a demand to "go beyond politics".[127] This demand has been criticised by socialists, including individuals who have participated in the movement's action. Writing for The Independent in April 2019, Natasha Josette, an anti-racist activist and member of Labour for a Green New Deal, critiqued Extinction Rebellion both for marginalising ethnic minorities and for not recognising that "the climate crisis is the result of neoliberal capitalism, and a global system of extraction, dispossession and oppression".[128] Also writing for The Independent, Amardeep Dhillon argued that XR's narrow focus on net zero carbon emissions meant that it ignored extractivism and the threat to the environment posed by companies in the extractive sector using greenwashing to defend and advance their economic interests, suggesting that XR's position "threatens to give carte blanche to governments and corporations who are happy to shift the burden of climate destruction onto poor and indigenous communities of colour in the global South".[129]

In October 2019, Erica Eisen, an XR participant, wrote an article for Current Affairs in which she linked the movement's "beyond politics" slogan not only to the demand for a citizens' assembly but also to a refusal to take stances on issues beyond the environment, in order to gain as broad a base of support as possible, highlighting the movement's ban on organising community groups based on political identity. She argued that "our current economic system is [not] compatible with continued life on this planet. It is unrealistic and irresponsible to pretend that a proposed climate solution which keeps capitalism intact is any kind of solution at all." In her view, failing to articulate an anti-capitalist position undermined the movement's credibility by "lend[ing] tacit support" to large companies responsible for environmentally destructive behaviour. She also suggested that failing to embrace leftist positions would give space for far right groups to piggyback and exploit environmentalist rhetoric, citing the examples of the Christchurch mosque shootings and 2019 El Paso shooting, both of whose perpetrators left manifestos which mentioned environmental concerns.[130] Writing for i-D in December 2019, Nathalie Olah drew parallels between XR and earlier decentralised protest movements such as the events of May 68 in France and the Occupy movement, suggesting that a shared lack of clarity in concrete demands had stunted the political impact of the latter two movements and arguing that climate change and class politics were "inextricable" as "a small minority are responsible for a high proportion of emissions, and because the poorest stand to face the worst repercussions".[131]

Cult allegations

edit

Extinction Rebellion has been accused of being a cult by the media, environmental activists as well as several former senior XR members. Sherrie Yeomans, coordinator of XR blockades in the English city of Bristol accused the group of being a manipulative cult and former XR spokeswoman Zion Lights accused Roger Hallam of creating a cult by fear-mongering such as when he forced her to claim that 6 billion would die by the end of the century due to climate change and further claimed that he compared himself to a prophet.[132] Hallam had compared climate change to the Holocaust and claimed that the climate crisis would lead to mass rape and has called for the overthrow of governments even if it results in deaths resulting in him being accused of fostering a death cult.[133][132] German former Green Party politician Jutta Ditfurth accused it of being a doomsday cult with members blindly following esoteric gurus.[134]

Media coverage

edit
 
Large events draw the attention of media.

Analysis of the October 2019 "International Rebellion" indicates that "the movement was mentioned more than 70,000 times in online media reports. Of these, 43.5% of online coverage was in the UK followed by 15.2% from Germany, 14.6% in Australia and 12.1% in the US."[135]

In 2021, a documentary entitled Rebellion was released to UK Netflix and other streaming services across the globe.[136] The documentary looks behind the scenes of XR and the creators.

Dávid Szőke and Sándor Kiss in Film International expressed criticism of the short films Extinction (2019) and Guardians of Life (2020), stating, "It is no doubt that film is one of the most meaningful ways of facilitating changes in our world. While Extinction and Guardians of Life declare 'nonviolent open rebellion' and the urge to action for the survival of our natural world, the divergence between their stated ideals and their disruptive tactics in shaping public understanding of climate-related issues point toward starkly opposite directions. Despite their alleged advocacy of environmental issues, the involvement of such movie stars as Emma Thompson or Joaquin Phoenix redirects attention to their celebrity status, eclipsing the focus on the ecological solutions they should represent. Thus, these films can be viewed as nothing more than glossy facades, effectively disguising the radical environmental actions of XR activists under a more inclusive, media-friendly veneer."[137]

Bibliography

edit

Publications

edit
  • This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. London: Penguin, 2019. ISBN 978-0-14-199144-3.[138][139]
  • Our Fight. By Juliana Muniz Westcott. 2019. ISBN 978-1-79325-836-6.
  • The Hourglass. Issue 1. September 2019. Newspaper.[140] Edited by Zion Lights. 110,000 copies were printed.[140]
  • The Hourglass. Issue 2. October 2019. Newspaper. Edited by Zion Lights.

Films

edit
  • Conscientious protectors: a story of rebellion against extinction. Full‑length documentary. London release 25 July 2022.[141][142]
  • My extinction. A personal film by Josh Appignanesi, released 30 June 2023, on his experiences becoming active, including with XR.[143][144]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c Gaffney, Adrienne (2020-04-16). "The Wild, Ambitious, Madcap Environmental Activism of Extinction Rebellion". ELLE. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-03-15. Extinction Rebellion began in April 2018 when a diverse group of about 15 activists met at Gail Bradbrook's house in the Cotswolds. Bradbrook, a molecular biophysicist who'd been a part of antifracking protests and the Occupy movement, was joined by others accustomed to making splashy statements for the cause. There was her former partner Simon Bramwell, who spent several weeks in a tree in Bristol to fight a proposed bus path back in 2015 (he was unsuccessful), and Roger Hallam, an organic farmer who staged a hunger strike in 2017 to get King's College London to divest from fossil fuel companies (the school eventually agreed).
  2. ^ "Clare Farrell (UK)". The Resource Alliance.
  3. ^ "EXTINCTION REBELLION: Robin Boardman in conversation with Micah White on the History, Strategy and Theory of XR". Activist School. 2019-04-05.
  4. ^ "Extinction Rebellion FAQ".
  5. ^ "Citizens' Assembly - Extinction Rebellion".
  6. ^ "If democracy looks doomed, Extinction Rebellion may have an answer".
  7. ^ "Citizens' assemblies are helping to fight the climate crisis".
  8. ^ a b Matthew Taylor (2018-10-26). "'We have a duty to act': hundreds ready to go to jail over climate crisis". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2018-11-17.
  9. ^ Taylor, Matthew (2019-08-16). "Animal Rebellion activists to blockade UK's biggest meat market". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  10. ^ a b Iqbal, Nosheen (2019-10-06). "How Extinction Rebellion put the world on red alert". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2020-01-04. Retrieved 2019-10-19 – via www.theguardian.com.
  11. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2019-10-08). "Extinction Rebellion movement kicks off two weeks of civil disobedience around the world". Salon. Archived from the original on 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  12. ^ "A Declaration of International Non-Violent Rebellion Against the World's Governments for Criminal Inaction on the Ecological Crisis" (PDF). Extinction Rebellion. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  13. ^ "Our Demands". rebellion.earth. Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2019-09-16.
  14. ^ a b c "Extinction Rebellion FAQ".
  15. ^ Dans, Enrique. "If You Haven't Heard Of Extinction Rebellion Yet, You Soon Will ..." Forbes. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  16. ^ a b Green, Matthew (2019-04-11). "Extinction Rebellion: inside the new climate resistance". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  17. ^ a b "Extinction Rebellion campaigners arrested in London". Green World. 2018-11-19. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  18. ^ "Opinion | Climate Activists Occupy Greenpeace UK Headquarters—Wait, That Can't Be Right". Common Dreams. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  19. ^ "The evolution of Extinction Rebellion". the Guardian. 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  20. ^ a b Alison Green; et al. (2018-10-26). "Facts about our ecological crisis are incontrovertible. We must take action". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2018-11-17.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Matthew Taylor and Damien Gayle (2018-11-17). "Dozens arrested after climate protest blocks five London bridges". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-05-03. Retrieved 2018-11-17.
  22. ^ a b Farand, Chloe (2018-11-23). "Extinction Rebellion eyes global campaign". The Ecologist. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  23. ^ "Arrests as Extinction Rebellion protests begin". BBC News – UK. 2019-10-07. Archived from the original on 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
  24. ^ a b Rinvolucri, Bruno; Lamborn, Katie (2018-11-22). "'We can't get arrested quick enough': life inside Extinction Rebellion – video". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
  25. ^ "Extinction Symbol". Extinction symbol information. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  26. ^ Rose, Steve (2019-04-16). "How the symbol for extinction became this generation's peace sign". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  27. ^ Church, Sophie (2022-04-05). "Dear climate activists, stop alienating the public or you might lose the battle". The Independent. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  28. ^ Ingle, Julian; Dias, Duarte (2019-04-18). "Extinction Rebellion protesters are alienating workers who may otherwise support them". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  29. ^ "Extinction Rebellion activists smash windows at Canary Wharf HSBC". BBC News. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  30. ^ "Extinction Rebellion: Jury acquits protesters despite judge's direction". BBC News. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  31. ^ "'This is an act of care' - Extinction Rebellion women break windows at HSBC Canary Wharf HQ in latest action to highlight the financing of climate breakdown". Extinction Rebellion UK. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  32. ^ "What is Extinction Rebellion and what does it want?". BBC News. 2021-08-23. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  33. ^ "Daily Question: 15 October 2019". yougov.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  34. ^ "Who are Extinction Rebellion and what do they want?". www.bbc.com. 2019-07-16. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  35. ^ "Extinction Rebellion". Rebellion.earth. Archived from the original on 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  36. ^ Jackson, Tim (2019-09-15). "2050 is too late – we must drastically cut emissions much sooner". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  37. ^ a b c d Gayle, Damien (2019-10-04). "Does Extinction Rebellion have a race problem?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-10-05 – via www.theguardian.com.
  38. ^ "Demands". Extinction Rebellion US. Archived from the original on 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  39. ^ a b Hinsliff, Gaby (2019-10-17). "Extinction Rebellion has built up so much goodwill. It mustn't throw that away". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Retrieved 2019-10-18 – via www.theguardian.com.
  40. ^ a b Kobie, Nicole (2019-10-07). "How Extinction Rebellion evolved its tactics for its London protests". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2019-10-19 – via www.wired.co.uk.
  41. ^ Varghese, Sanjana (2019-10-12). "Here's the secret to Extinction Rebellion's explosive growth". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2019-10-19 – via www.wired.co.uk.
  42. ^ a b How the anarchists of Extinction Rebellion got so well organised Archived 27 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, 10 October 2019.
  43. ^ Taylor, Matthew (2020-08-04). "The evolution of Extinction Rebellion". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  44. ^ Rebecca Speare-Cole (2019-09-25). "Extiction Rebellion: Doctors glue themselves to government building to protest threat of climate change on global health". Evening Standard. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  45. ^ Agence France-Presse (2021-05-31). "'Threat to life itself': Doctors4XR march to WHO demanding global action against health risks posed by climate change". Firstpost. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  46. ^ "Medics March to WHO Headquarters in Climate Campaign". Voice of America. 2021-05-29. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  47. ^ Burchill, Julie (2019-07-28). "The People's Front of Extinction Rebellion points to a deeper divide within the Green cause". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2019-10-05 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  48. ^ a b c Murray, Jessica (2019-10-19). "'Older generations can't understand': XR Youth on being heard". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2019-10-20 – via www.theguardian.com.
  49. ^ a b Spence, Madeleine; Al-Khalaf, Laith. "Holy climate crisis! Extinction Rebellion's Christian wing are on a mission to save God's green earth". The Times.
  50. ^ "They would walk 500 miles: meet the Cop26 pilgrims who got to Glasgow on foot". The Guardian. 2021-10-31.
  51. ^ Ware, Joe (2021-09-09). "Calls made for COP26 delay as churches mark Climate Sunday". Church Times.
  52. ^ a b c d "Does Extinction Rebellion Have the Solution to the Climate Crisis?". The New Yorker. 2019-07-21. Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  53. ^ a b "Extinction Rebellion's co-founder on bringing London to a standstill". Evening Standard. 2019-07-23. Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  54. ^ "Extinction Rebellion takes on the system: Interview with founder Roger Hallam". Koreatimes. 2019-04-16. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  55. ^ Saul Alinsky (1971), Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals. New York: Random House
  56. ^ "The books that inspired the Extinction Rebellion protesters". www.penguin.co.uk. 2019-10-21. Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
  57. ^ Caroline Davies (2019-04-19). ""Extinction Rebellion and Attenborough put climate in spotlight"". The Guardian.
  58. ^ "What is Extinction Rebellion, the new radical and non-violent environmental group". LifeGate. 2019-05-31. Archived from the original on 2020-01-11. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  59. ^ Vandana Shiva; et al. (2018-12-09). "Act now to prevent an environmental catastrophe". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-12-12. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  60. ^ "Extinction Rebellion Attempts to Blockade Zurich Traffic - October 5, 2021". Daily News Brief. 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
  61. ^ "Extinction Rebellion Cambridge blocks Schlumberger site with pink boat". Cambridge Independent. 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  62. ^ "Rijksmuseum gesloten vanwege blokkade Extinction Rebellion". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  63. ^ "Eduskuntataloa ei ehkä saada puhtaaksi – Näin Elokapina kommentoi". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  64. ^ "Elokapina määrättävä lakkautettavaksi". 2024-10-06. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  65. ^ "Kansalaisaloite Elokapinan lakkauttamisesta keräsi 50 000 allekirjoitusta". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2024-09-27. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  66. ^ "Elokapina sanoutuu irti keskustelupalstansa kirjoituksista – viestissä fantasioitiin väkivallalla ja hallituksen lahtaamisella". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2024-09-29. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  67. ^ "Elokapina käynnisti pelisääntökeskustelut – Suljetusta ryhmästä vuodettiin verenhimoisia väkivaltaviestejä". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  68. ^ "Elokapina | Elokapinan sisäisellä kanavalla julkaistiin "hallituksen lahtaamista" ihannoinut viesti – Liike irtisanoutuu". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 2024-09-29. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  69. ^ Shackle, Samira (2022-12-17). "'We'll be hated, but it will stir things up': Insulate Britain on what happened next – and being right all along". The Guardian.
  70. ^ a b c Smoke, Ben (2019-04-15). "Extinction Rebellion protesters who want to be arrested: be careful what you wish for". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2019-09-21 – via www.theguardian.com.
  71. ^ "My six months with Extinction Rebellion". BBC Three. 2019-07-19. Archived from the original on 2019-10-02. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  72. ^ a b Monbiot, George (2019-10-16). "Today, I aim to get arrested. It is the only real power climate protesters have". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2019-10-16 – via www.theguardian.com.
  73. ^ Symonds, Tom (2024-07-18). "Just Stop Oil protesters jailed after M25 blocked". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2024-07-18.
  74. ^ Matthew Taylor (2019-06-25). "Extinction Rebellion protester convicted of public order offence". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2019-07-13.
  75. ^ Amy Walker (2019-07-12). "Extinction Rebellion protesters appear in court in London". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2019-07-13.
  76. ^ "Over 1000 Extinction Rebellion Activists Were Arrested In April – This Is What Happened To Them". Huffington Post. 2019-08-07. Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
  77. ^ "Extinction Rebellion plot for more protests in London over Christmas". Evening Standard. 2019-10-21. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  78. ^ "Green Party co-leader Jonathan Bartley arrested at climate protest | the Green Party". www.greenparty.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-01-12. Retrieved 2020-01-12.
  79. ^ Laville, Sandra (2023-11-16). "Jury clears climate protesters of causing damage to HSBC London HQ". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  80. ^ Bujak, Gully (2023-11-20). "We smashed the windows of a major bank. A jury acquitted us. This is why". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  81. ^ Watts, Jonathan; Gayle, Damien (2019-04-19). "Extinction Rebellion day five centres on tussle for control of Oxford Circus". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  82. ^ "Analysis of public opinion in response to the Extinction Rebellion actions in London, April 2019". 2019-04-20. Archived from the original on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
  83. ^ "YouGov: Climate change protesters have been carrying out their aim of disrupting roads and public transport, aiming to "shut down London" in order to bring attention to their cause. Do you support or oppose these actions?". Yougov.co.uk. 2019-10-15. Archived from the original on 2021-04-04. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  84. ^ "London faces fourth day of disruption". Sky News. 2019-04-18. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  85. ^ John, Humphrys (2019-04-17). "John Humphrys – Extinction Rebellion: Noble and Necessary or a Pointless Nuisance?". Yougov.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  86. ^ Matthew Taylor, "Extinction Rebellion protesters to stand in European elections" Archived 2 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 26 April 2019
  87. ^ "Election Candidates – The Climate & Ecological Emergency Independents". climateemergencyindependents.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  88. ^ European election 2019 – London-wide results Archived 27 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Lewisham Council
  89. ^ Results of European Parliamentary Election 2019 – South West Region Archived 19 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council
  90. ^ Matthew Taylor (2019-06-27). "Doctors call for nonviolent direct action over climate crisis". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
  91. ^ a b "Climate activists, including Extinction Rebellion, to receive £500,000 from US philanthropists". The Independent. 2019-07-12. Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  92. ^ a b Taylor, Matthew (2019-07-12). "US philanthropists vow to raise millions for climate activists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-07-21. Retrieved 2019-07-24 – via www.theguardian.com.
  93. ^ O'Neill, Katie (2019-09-06). "Getty heiress donates £500,000 to fund that backs Extinction Rebellion". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2019-09-08 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  94. ^ Dixon, Hayley (2019-10-10). "Extinction Rebellion funded by charity set up by one of Britain's richest men". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-20 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  95. ^ Hook, Leslie (2019-10-11). "Donations pour in as Extinction Rebellion goes global". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  96. ^ Neate, Rupert (2022-01-17). "Extinction Rebellion donor leads world's top-performing hedge fund". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  97. ^ Dixon, Hayley (2019-10-10). "Extinction Rebellion funded by charity set up by one of Britain's richest men". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  98. ^ "Donations pour in as Extinction Rebellion goes global". Financial Times. 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  99. ^ Sawyer, Miranda (2019-10-20). "It's the end of the world as we know it... and Michael Stipe feels fine". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20 – via www.theguardian.com.
  100. ^ "REM frontman Michael Stipe to give proceeds of debut solo single to 'optimistic' Extinction Rebellion". ITV News. 2019-10-11. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  101. ^ Green, Matthew (2020-02-06). "'Joker' star Phoenix takes aim at climate apathy with film about dying Earth". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  102. ^ "Do you have a positive or negative view of Extinction Rebellion (sometimes shortened to "XR")?". YouGov. 2021-09-03. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  103. ^ "Terms of Service". Extinction Rebellion UK. 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  104. ^ "Supporting the fight against climate and ecological breakdown". Supporting the fight against climate and ecological breakdown. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  105. ^ Garavito, Tatiana; Thanki, Nathan (2019-09-18). "Stop Asking People of Color to Get Arrested to Protest Climate Change". www.vice.com. Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  106. ^ "Extinction Rebellion Bristol". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  107. ^ "Now we know: conventional campaigning won't prevent our extinction | Roger Hallam". The Guardian. 2019-05-01. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  108. ^ Alexander, Samuel (2019-10-08). "Extinction Rebellion protesters might be annoying. But they have a point". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  109. ^ Bell, Karen (2019-10-11). "A working-class green movement is out there but not getting the credit it deserves". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2019-10-13 – via www.theguardian.com.
  110. ^ "The climate protest movement must not alienate Britain's working classes | Lisa Nandy". the Guardian. 2019-10-02. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  111. ^ Magra, Iliana (2019-10-17). "Commuters Drag Climate Activists From London Trains". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  112. ^ Dazed (2019-10-17). "Don't be fooled into thinking that climate activism is just for poshos". Dazed. Archived from the original on 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  113. ^ "Opinion: Extinction Rebellion's treatment of class and race blocks its goal of climate justice". The Independent. 2019-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  114. ^ "How Extinction Rebellion Inadvertently Stoked A Class War". HuffPost UK. 2019-10-18. Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  115. ^ Gill, Charlotte (2019-10-17). "Extinction Rebellion have turned climate change into a class war". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  116. ^ Ball, Tom; Webster, Ben; Webber, Esther (2019-10-18). "Extinction Rebellion apologises after commuters drag protester off train". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  117. ^ "XR admit Tube protest was 'own goal' because it annoyed people". Evening Standard. 2019-10-17. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  118. ^ Simpson, John; Webster, Ben; Humpries, Will (2019-04-18). "Protest police call for re-inforcements". The Times. No. 72, 824. p. 9.
  119. ^ "Can we reach zero carbon by 2025?". Centre for Alternative Technology. 2019-04-25. Archived from the original on 2019-09-25. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
  120. ^ McGrath, Matt (2019-04-16). "Extinction Rebellion: Can the plan work?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
  121. ^ Walton, Richard; Wilson, Tom (2019-07-16). "Extremism Rebellion". Policy Exchange. Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2019-12-25.
  122. ^ Horton, Helen (2022-06-15). "Thinktank that briefed against XR given $30k by ExxonMobil in 2017". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  123. ^ Bychawski, Adam (2022-06-16). "Exclusive: US climate deniers pump millions into Tory-linked think tanks". OpenDemocracy. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  124. ^ a b c Bychawski, Adam (2022-06-15). "Revealed: Policing bill was dreamed up by secretive oil-funded think tank". OpenDemocracy. Archived from the original on 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  125. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Grierson, Jamie (2020-01-10). "Terrorism police list Extinction Rebellion as extremist ideology". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  126. ^ "Prevent: Rise in climate activists referred to anti-terror scheme". BBC News. 2023-12-23.
  127. ^ "Our Demands". Extinction Rebellion UK. Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  128. ^ Josette, Natasha (2019-04-21). "People of colour are the most impacted by climate change, yet Extinction Rebellion is erasing them from the conversation". independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  129. ^ Dhillon, Amardeep (2019-10-23). "Extinction Rebellion must decide if it is anti-capitalist – and this greenwashing mining company shows us why". independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-05-24. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  130. ^ Eisen, Erica X (2019-10-11). "Extinction Rebellion Has a Politics Problem". Current Affairs. Archived from the original on 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  131. ^ Olah, Nathalie (2019-12-04). "What Extinction Rebellion needs to change before we can save the world". i-D. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  132. ^ a b "'Extinction Rebellion' Dubbed Cult, But Supporters Say Radical Change Needed". VOA. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
  133. ^ Romano, Aja (2022-10-20). "How many van Goghs is one Earth worth?". Vox. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
  134. ^ "XR: Climate militancy despite coronavirus pandemic – DW – 06/12/2020". dw.com. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
  135. ^ Townsend, Mark (2019-10-20). "Tube protest was a mistake, admit leading Extinction Rebellion members". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-10-21 – via www.theguardian.com.
  136. ^ "Home". Rebellion. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  137. ^ Szőke, Dávid; Kiss, Sándor (2024-02-18). "Environmental Action in Opposite Directions: Extinction (2019) and Guardians of Life (2020)". Film International. Archived from the original on 2024-02-19. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  138. ^ Flood, Alison (2019-04-26). "Extinction Rebellion rushes activists' handbook This Is Not a Drill into print". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-08-13. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  139. ^ "The Extinction Rebellion book is short on science but big on action". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  140. ^ a b Wollaston, Sam (2019-09-25). "'I'm not getting much Take a Break': Extinction Rebellion's newspaper, reviewed". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2019-09-26. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  141. ^ Leap Productions (2022-03-29). Conscientious protectors: a story of rebellion against extinction — Trailer. London, United Kingdom: Leap Productions. Retrieved 2022-07-23. 00:01:35 duration.
  142. ^ Hoad, Phil (2022-07-20). "Conscientious protectors: a story of rebellion against extinction review – XR and the art of protest". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2022-07-23. Film review.
  143. ^ Appignanesi, Josh (2023-07-02). "Green revolution: how I learned to be an eco warrior, one step at a time". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  144. ^ Appignanesi, Josh (2023-06-30). My extinction — Trailer. United Kingdom: Dartmouth Films. Retrieved 2023-07-02. 00:02:24.

Further reading

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinction_Rebellion&oldid=1254822828"