Medical food is food that is specially formulated and intended for the dietary management of a disease that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by normal diet alone. In the United States, it was defined in the Food and Drug Administration's 1988 Orphan Drug Act Amendments[1] and subject to the general food and safety labeling requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority established definitions for "foods for special medical purposes" (FSMPs) in 2015.[2]
Definition
editMedical foods, called "food for special medical purposes" in Europe,[3] are distinct from the broader category of foods for special dietary use, from traditional foods that bear a health claim, and from dietary supplements. In order to be considered a medical food the product must, at a minimum:[4][5]
- be a food for oral ingestion or tube feeding (nasogastric tube)
- be labeled for the dietary management of a specific medical disorder, disease or condition for which there are distinctive nutritional requirements, and
- be intended to be used under medical supervision.
Medical foods can be classified into the following categories:
- Nutritionally complete formulas
- Nutritionally incomplete formulas
- Formulas for metabolic disorders
- Oral rehydration products
Regulation
editMedical foods are regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration under the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act regulations. 21 CFR 101.9(j) (8).[1]
The term medical food, as defined in section 5(b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 U.S.C. 360ee (b) (3)) is "a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation."[6]
Medical foods are not required to undergo premarket review or approval by FDA. Additionally, they are exempted from the labeling requirements for health claims and nutrient content claims under the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. In 2016 the FDA published an update: Guidance for Industry: Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition. Definitions and labeling requirements are included.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b FDA. CFR 21 Part 101 Subpart A. Archived from the original on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
- ^ "Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific and Technical Guidance of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on foods for special medical purposes in the context of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) No 609/2013". EFSA Supporting Publications. 12 (11). 2015. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-904.
- ^ "Food for special medical purposes". European Commission. 13 October 2017.
- ^ "Food And Drug Administration Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Chapter 21 – Food Composition, Standards, Labeling And Economics" (PDF). U.S. FDA. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ "State Statutes & Regulations on Dietary Treatment of Disorders Identified Through Newborn Screening November 2016" (PDF). U.S. FDA. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ Affairs, Office of Regulatory. "Medical Foods Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information".
- ^ Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Applied. "Medical Foods - Guidance for Industry: Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition".
External links
edit- FDA Presentation dated March 2012 on Regulation of Medical Foods