Fair Trials is a UK-registered non-governmental organization which works for fair trials according to international standards of justice and the right to a fair trial, identifying where criminal justice is failing, alerting the world to the problems, and resolving these issues through campaigning, advocacy and strategic litigation.[1] It also builds regional legal capacity through targeted training, mentoring and network activities,[2] coordinating a network of criminal justice legal experts[3] and European human rights NGOs called JUSTICIA.[4]
| Founded | 1992 by Stephen Jakobi |
|---|---|
| Type | Non-profit NGO |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Location |
|
| Services | Protecting and upholding fair trial rights, according to internationally recognised standards of justice |
| Fields | Direct-appeal campaigns, research, lobbying |
Key people | Norman L Reimer (Global CEO) |
| Website | www |
History
editFair Trials was founded by lawyer Stephen Jakobi in 1992 (under the name Fair Trials Abroad) as a response to the case of Karen Smith, a British citizen arrested in Thailand for drug smuggling.[5] It now styles itself as the "global criminal justice watchdog".[6]
Current work
editThe areas where Fair Trials works are:
Pre-trial detention
Since 2011, Fair Trials has campaigned for international human rights standards on pre-trial detention to be more widely understood and applied in practice. This began with a 2011 report,[7] which was followed by a 2014 report.[8] These reports called for the adoption of EU-wide minimum standards on pre-trial detention, including:
- Ensuring that the procedure for pre-trial detention decisions complies with all aspects of the right to a fair trial;
- Not using extradition until cases are trial-ready;
- Considering the proportionality of detention and the use of alternatives to pre-trial detention;
- Ensuring detainees are given the best opportunity to prepare for trial, through safeguarding detention conditions.
Plea bargaining ('Trial waivers')
Fair Trials has researched the use of plea bargaining, also known as "trial waivers", campaigning for a "a rights-based approach" to trial waiver systems.[9] They coordinated research across 90 countries, assessing the legal and human rights implications and providing recommendations in a report, "The Disappearing Trial".[10]
EU defence rights
Fair Trials has been responsible for the production of detailed reports and policy briefings[11][12] for EU policy-makers. It has worked for the proper implementation of EU law, through strategic litigation and training[13] and has helped people access local expertise by producing "Notes of Advice"[14] on criminal proceedings and justice systems in Europe. Additionally, Fair Trials set up the Legal Experts Advisory Panel (LEAP),[15] which is an EU-wide network of experts in criminal justice and human rights working to promote fair and effective judicial cooperation within Europe, as well as informing the EU's work on criminal justice.
Extradition reform
Fair Trials' work in this area has been focused on campaigning to reform the European Arrest Warrant, a fast-track system for surrendering people from one EU country to another.
Fair Trials has highlighted a number of cases[16] which demonstrate that the European Arrest Warrant system is jeopardising the right to a fair trial.[17] In particular, Fair Trials alleges that:
- European Arrest Warrants have been issued many years after the alleged offence was committed.
- Once warrants have been issued there is no effective way of removing them, even after extradition has been refused.
- They have been used to send people to another EU member state to serve a prison sentence resulting from an unfair trial.
- Warrants have been used to force a person to face trial when the charges are based on evidence obtained by police brutality.
- Sometimes people surrendered under an Arrest Warrant have to spend months or even years in detention before they can appear in court to establish their innocence.[18]
Interpol
Interpol systems, particularly its international "wanted person" alerts ("Red Notices") can be abused in order to persecute refugees, journalists and peaceful political demonstrators[19][20] worldwide.
In 2013, Fair Trials released a report[21][22] which identified two major areas for INTERPOL reform:
- Protection from abuse of Interpol's tools by member countries, and
- Creation of a more fair and transparent process for individuals who are challenging data that has been processed by INTERPOL.
Fair Trials has met with Interpol on multiple occasions[23][24] as part of an ongoing dialogue between the two organisations to prevent the abuse of its systems.
In a follow-up report, Fair Trials outlined a series of further reforms which Fair Trials holds to be necessary in order to ensure protection of INTERPOL’s systems against abuse.[25]
Casework
editIn its early years, Fair Trials used to provide case support, assisting around 500 individuals each year and provide assistance in approximately 50 cases at any one time. It used a network of lawyers and diplomatic, political and media contacts to advocate on behalf of clients. It did not charge clients for the service it offers.[1]
Fair Trials provided assistance on several high-profile cases[26] including the case of English nanny Louise Woodward who, in 1997, was arrested in America for murder, after the death of a baby in her care.[27] Woodward was found guilty of second degree murder, although her sentence was reduced on appeal as the court found that there was no malice in Louise's actions and that "allowing this defendant on this evidence to remain convicted of second-degree murder would be a miscarriage of justice."[28] In 2007, 10 years later, the key prosecution witness reversed his evidence stating: "the science we have today could, in fact, have exonerated Louise. There is certainly, in retrospect, reasonable doubt."[29]
Other high-profile, notable cases include
Ian Stillman: In August 2000, deaf charity worker Ian Stillman was arrested in India for smuggling 20 kilograms of cannabis after the drug was found in a shared taxi. He has always maintained his innocence. Fair Trials campaigned for his release and in 2002 he was finally released after spending two years in prison.[30]
Greek Plane Spotters: In November 2001, a group of 12 British and two Dutch plane spotters were arrested on charges of espionage after taking notes during an open day at a Greek Air Force base. They were found guilty in 2002. The Greek courts overturned the conviction on appeal.[31]
Ghana Girls: In July 2007, two 16-year-old girls, Yetunde Diya and Yasemin Vatansever, were arrested for possession of six kilograms of cocaine at Accra airport in Ghana. The girls claimed they did not know they were carrying drugs. With help from Fair Trials International (as it was then known), the girls received only a one-year prison sentence instead of the maximum three-year sentence.[32]
Andrew Symeou: In July 2008, British student Andrew Symeou stood wrongly accused of killing a holiday maker on a Greek island. Although evidence against him was deeply flawed and his innocence could be proven, he was extradited to Greece on a European Arrest Warrant and held in prison for a year before being acquitted in 2011.[33]
References
edit- ^ a b "The Right to a Fair Trial – Fair Trials".
- ^ "Justice policies at a glance – European Commission" (PDF). ec.europa.eu.
- ^ "Legal Experts Advisory Panel". Fair Trials. 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ "JUSTICIA". Fair Trials. 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ "Don't forget your toothbrush (and this man's number)". BBC News. 30 April 2002.
- ^ "Home | Fair Trials". www.fairtrials.org. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ http://www.fairtrials.org/wp-content/uploads/Stockholms-Sunset.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "The Disappearing Trial". Fair Trials. 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
- ^ Fair Trials (27 April 2017). "'The Disappearing Trial'" (PDF).
- ^ "Justice and fundamental rights". European Commission – European Commission. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
- ^ "JUST Newsroom – News overview – European Commission". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
- ^ "Funded Projects | the Legal Education Foundation". Archived from the original on 2015-07-10. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
- ^ "Arrested In – Fair Trials". 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Legal Experts Advisory Panel – Fair Trials".
- ^ "House of Commons - Justice issues in Europe - Justice Committee". Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Extradition Reform". Fair Trials international.
- ^ Bowcott, Owen; correspondent, legal affairs (27 November 2013). "Interpol accused of failing to scrutinise red notice requests". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
{{cite news}}:|last2=has generic name (help) - ^ "Interpol's Red Notices used by some to pursue political dissenters, opponents – International Consortium of Investigative Journalists". 16 March 2012.
- ^ http://www.fairtrials.org/wp-content/uploads/Fair-Trials-International-Strengthening-INTERPOL-brochure.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ http://www.fairtrials.org/wp-content/uploads/Strengthening-respect-for-human-rights-strengthening-INTERPOL4.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "N20130920 / 2013 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL". www.interpol.int.
- ^ "N2015-024 / 2015 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL". www.interpol.int.
- ^ "Dismantling the Tools of Oppression: Ending the Misuse of INTERPOL" (PDF). fairtrials.org. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ Lawyer, The (1998-10-10). "Last hope of the condemned". The Lawyer | Legal insight, benchmarking data and jobs. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
- ^ Moyes, Jojo (2 October 1997). "New facts expose flaw in case against British nanny accused of murder". The Independent. London.
- ^ "Woodward released after conviction cut". BBC News. 11 November 1997.
- ^ "Killer nanny reinvents self as dance teacher in England". Boston Herald. Jun 3, 2008. Retrieved Oct 7, 2020.
- ^ "Stillman's thwarted fight for freedom". BBC News. 11 January 2002.
- ^ Blackstock, Colin (11 December 2001). "Judges to decide today on planespotters". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Ross, Will (23 January 2008). "Ghana drug girls learn their fate". BBC News.
- ^ "European warrants need reform, says acquitted Symeou". BBC News. 23 December 2015.