Zhu Shizhen (1281–1344), born Zhu Wusi,[1] a native of Jurong (present-day Jurong, Jiangsu), was the father of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty.[2] The Zhu family originally lived in Pei but later relocated to Jurong. Zhu Shizhen's father, Zhu Chuyi, then moved to Xuyi in Si Prefecture (present-day Xuyi, Jiangsu), and Zhu Shizhen himself later moved to Zhongli in Haozhou (present-day Fengyang, Anhui).[3]
| Zhu Shizhen 朱世珍 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Born | Zhu Wusi (朱五四) 1281 Jurong | ||||||||||||
| Died | 1344 | ||||||||||||
| Burial | Ming Imperial Mausoleum (明皇陵, in present-day Fengyang, Anhui) | ||||||||||||
| Spouse | Empress Chun | ||||||||||||
| Issue Detail | Hongwu Emperor | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Father | Zhu Chuyi | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Yu | ||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 朱世珍 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Zhu Wusi | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 朱五四 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Zhu Shizhen was member of the impoverished peasant class. In 1344 there was a great drought in Huaibei, and his entire family died of starvation, save for two of his sons.[4]
In 1363, Han Lin'er posthumously accorded Zhu Wusi the titles Executor and Assistant Minister of the Three Offices (開府儀同三司), Senior Pillar of the State (上柱國), Head of Privy Councilor for Extraordinary Affairs (錄軍國重事), Right Chancellor of the Central Secretariat (中書右丞相), Grand Commandant (太尉), and Duke of Wu (吳國公). His wife, Lady Chen, was posthumously accorded the title Duchess (公夫人).[5]
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming dynasty in Nanjing and posthumously honoured Zhu Shizhen as emperor, with the temple name Renzu (仁祖)[6] and the posthumous name Emperor Chun (淳皇帝).
Family
editSpouse and issue:
- Empress Chun, of the Chen clan (淳皇后 陳氏; 1286–1344)
- Zhu Chongsi (Zhu Xinglong), Prince of Nanchang (南昌王 朱重四 (朱興隆); 1307–1344), first son
- Zhu Chongliu (Zhu Xingsheng), Prince of Xuyi (盱眙王 朱重六 (朱興盛); ?–?), second son
- Zhu Chongqi (Zhu Xingzu), Prince of Linhuai (臨淮王 朱重七 (朱興祖); ?–?), third son
- Zhu Chongba (Zhu Xingzong, Zhu Yuanzhang), the Hongwu Emperor (洪武帝 朱重八 (朱興宗, 朱元璋); 21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), fourth son
- Grand Princess Taiyuan (太原長公主), first daughter
- Married Wang Qiyi (王七一)
- Grand Princess of Cao (曹國長公主; 1317–1351), personal name Fonü (佛女), second daughter
- Married Li Zhen (李貞; 1304–1379), and had issue (one son)
Ancestry
edit| Zhu Zhongba | |||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Bailiu | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Chen | |||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Sijiu | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xuan | |||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Chuyi | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Heng | |||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Shizhen (1281–1344) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Yu | |||||||||||||||||||
References
editCitations
edit- ^ (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
- ^ Mote 2003, p. 542; Hung 2016, p. 21.
- ^ Taizu Shilu, vol. 1.
- ^ Mote 2003, pp. 541–542; Mote 1988, p. 44; Hung 2016, pp. 1, 21.
- ^ Yanshan tang bie ji, vol. 6.
- ^ Zhang (1739), vol. 2.
Works cited
edit- Zhang, Tingyu (1739). Ming Shi 明史 [History of Ming].
- Taizu Shilu 太祖實錄 [Veritable Records of Emperor Taizu]. n.d.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - Wang, Shizhen. Yan shan tang bie ji 弇山堂別集 [Yanshan Hall Collection].
- Mote, Frederick W. (2003). Imperial China 900-1800. Harvard University Press. pp. 727–. ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7.
- Mote, Frederick W (1988). "The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C (eds.). The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521243327.
- Hung, Hing Ming (2016). From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang. New York: Algora Publishing. ISBN 9781628941524.