Fatimata M'baye (Arabic: فاطيماتا مباي; born 1957) is a Mauritanian lawyer. She has campaigned for human rights in her country. In 2016, she was given an International Women of Courage Award by the U.S. Secretary of State.
Fatimata M'baye | |
|---|---|
فاطيماتا مباي | |
 | |
| Born | 1957 |
| Nationality | Mauritania |
| Education | University of Nouakchott |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Children | three Oumaima Salamata Toure, Cheikh Abdallahi Cherif, Osmane Cherif Toure |
Life
editM'Baye was born in 1957 in Mauritania.[1] At age 12 she was forcibly married to a 45-year-old man,[2] but fought her family for the chance to attend school. From 1981 to 1985 she studied law and economics at the University of Nouakchott, becoming the first female lawyer in her home country.[1]
In 1991, Fatimata Mbaye helped to found the Mauritanian Human Rights Association, or AMDH, and became the Association's president in 2006. In 1998, a report on the still-extant and widespread[3] practice of slavery in Mauritania aired on French television, she and the organization's then president, Cheikh Saad Bouh Kamara, were arrested without warrant. She was charged with the crime of being a member of a non-government approved association,[4] sentenced to 13 months in prison, and a large fine.
M'Baye is Chair of the Committee for Women's Rights and founder and leader of the Social Commission of the AMDH. She is a consulting lawyer of various organizations and in 1997 she was an observer in the presidential elections in Mauritania.
Her commitment to oppression and slavery in Mauritania brought her in 1987, a prison sentence of six months. In 1998, she was sentenced to another prison term of thirteen months for belonging to an unapproved union, yet under the pressure of an international campaign she was pardoned by the country's President.
Mbaye began to receive international attention after her work and life was included in "Mauritania: A Question of Rape," a BBC documentary on the convictions of female rape survivors with the crime of zina.[5]
In 2013, Mbaye joined a three-person UN commission of inquiry in the Central African Republic with Bernard Muna and Philip Alston. This commission worked in a hostile and violent atmosphere and in a constrained manner, but in 2015 released a final report to the Security Council accusing all belligerent parties in the CAR Civil War of crimes against humanity.[6][7]
Awards
editFatimata Mbaye received the Nuremberg International Human Rights Award for her fight against slavery in Mauritania and racial/ethnic discrimination in 1999.[8]
In 2012, Hillary Clinton honored Mbaye as a Hero in the Trafficking in Persons Report.[9]
On March 28, 2016, John Kerry, as Secretary of State, recognized Fatimata Mbaye during the 2016 International Women of Courage Awards for her contributions to the legal protection of human rights in Mauritania and her commitment to human dignity, stating:
Fatimata M'Baye has long been a voice of reason and of tolerance in a country plagued by ethnic tensions. As Mauritania's first woman attorney, Fatimata has taken on some very tough cases. She's defended the rights of activists and advocated for the prosecution of human traffickers. She helped draft a law criminalizing slavery. And she represents the "committee of widows", a group seeking justice for the murder of their husbands during a period of upheaval in the late 1980s.
Asked about her role, she says, "I could be born white, yellow, Mongolian, or Kurdish, and I would have recognized myself in each of these. For me the value of the human being is above everything."
— John Kerry, 14 Women of Courage[10]
M'Baye has three children.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Fatimata M'Baye". Human Rights Office, City of Nurenberg. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Pauron, Michael (January 12, 2015). "Mauritanie : Fatimata Mbaye, indestructible". Jeune Afrique (in French). Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Sutter, John D. "Slavery's last stronghold". CNN. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ "Mauritania | Country report | Countries at the Crossroads | 2005". Freedom House. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
- ^ "Mauritania: A Question of Rape". viewchange.org. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
- ^ "Final Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on the Central African Republic" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. December 19, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 2, 2017.
- ^ "International court urged for Central African Republic". townhall.com. Associated Press. January 21, 2015. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
- ^ Balan, Emily (April 20, 2015). "Contemporary Abolitionist of the Month: Fatimata M'Baye". Human Rights First. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
- ^ "Secretary Clinton With TIP Hero Fatimata M'Baye". Hillary Clinton News. June 19, 2012. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
- ^ "Secretary Kerry Honors 14 Women of Courage" (Press release). US Department of State. March 28, 2016. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2024.