Ferdows (Persian: فردوس)[a] is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.[5]
Ferdows
Persian: فردوس | |
|---|---|
City | |
   | |
  Ferdows | |
| Coordinates: 34°01′09″N 58°10′23″E / 34.01917°N 58.17306°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | South Khorasan |
| County | Ferdows |
| District | Central |
| Elevation | 1,293 m (4,242 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 28,695 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Routes |   Road 91 |
| Website | http://ferdows.ir |
| Ferdows at GEOnet Names Server | |
History
edit
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Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.
The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[6][7]
In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.[8]
Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province.[9] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.
After Khorasan province was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan[10] province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan province in 2006.[11]
Demographics
editPopulation
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.[12] The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.[13] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.[2]
Geography
editLocation
editFerdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[14] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
Climate
editThe climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[15]
| Climate data for Ferdows, Iran | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26.0 (1.02) |
28.0 (1.10) |
34.6 (1.36) |
18.2 (0.72) |
5.1 (0.20) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
2.4 (0.09) |
6.5 (0.26) |
26.0 (1.02) |
147.8 (5.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) | 7.0 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 40.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184 | 198 | 223 | 261 | 321 | 358 | 370 | 366 | 322 | 279 | 230 | 185 | 3,297 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)[16] | |||||||||||||
Agriculture
editFerdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[17]
Main sights
edit 
Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:
- Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
- Ferdows Religious School (belonged to Safavid dynasty)
- Ferdows Congregation Mosque (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to Seljuk dynasty)
- Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, a natural geological formation
- Polond Desert, a beautiful desert located 40 kilometers West of Ferdows
- Ferdows Museum
Emad Nezam Tourism Complex
editIt is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:
- Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
- Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
- Emad Nezam Sports Club
- Emad Nezam Football Academy
- Mofid Educational Complex
- Polond Desert Tourism Camp[18]
Education and culture
editEducation and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:
- Islamic Azad University, Ferdows[19]
- Ferdows and Qaen Medical Schools[20][citation needed]
- Ferdows Institute of Higher Education[citation needed]
- Ferdows Faculty of Engineering[21]
Notable people
editSee also
edit
Media related to Ferdows at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (10 November 2024). "Ferdows, Ferdows County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ "Ferdows, Iran - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". www.geographic.org. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Ferdows Municipality Website" (in Persian).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Ferdows Governorship" (in Persian). Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
- ^ Asia Publishing House New York (1859). Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan).
- ^ "Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in Persian).[permanent dead link]
- ^ Adel, Gholam Ali Haddad (c. 2020) [Approved 3 September 1383]. The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Islamic Council. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (8 October 2016) [Approved 13 December 1385]. Approval letter regarding national divisions regarding Ferdows County of Razavi Khorasan province. rooznamehrasmi.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Notification 168635/T34488H. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2024 – via Iranian Official Journal.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): South Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): South Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in Persian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
- ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
- ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
- ^ "Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
- ^ "هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس". هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس.
- ^ "Islamic Azad University, Ferdows | Ranking & Review". www.4icu.org. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools".
- ^ "دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا". 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
External links
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