Persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein
The persecution of the Feyli Kurds[1] was a systematic persecution of Feylis by Saddam Hussein between 1970 and 2003. The persecution campaigns led to the expulsion, flight and effective exile of the Feyli Kurds from their ancestral lands in Iraq. The persecution began when a large number of Feyli Kurds were exposed to a big campaign by the regime that began by the dissolved RCCR issuance for 666 decision, which deprived Feyli Kurds of Iraqi nationality and considered them as Iranians. The systematic executions started in Baghdad and Khanaqin in 1979 and later spread to other Iraqi and Kurdish areas.[2][3]
An estimated 300,000–500,000[4] Feyli Kurds had been deported to Iran as a result of the persecution campaigns and at least 15,000 Feyli Kurds have disappeared. Their remains have not been found.[5][6]
In 2011, the Iraqi Parliament voted to recognize the 1980 massacre of Feyli Kurds under the regime of Saddam Hussein as genocide.[7]
Forced deportations
editIn 1969, the Iraqi government launched a campaign of forced deportation and exile targeting the Feyli Kurds. In 1970, more than 70,000 Feylis were deported to Iran and their citizenship was revoked[citation needed]. Prominent and high-level Feyli Kurdish merchants and academics in Baghdad were specifically targeted. Numerous disappearances and executions were reported by activists between 1970 and 1973.
On 7 May 1980, Saddam Hussein signed decree number 666 which legalized and ordered the confiscation, forced deportation, exile and detention of Feyli Kurds. Saddam justified the decree by accusing Feyli Kurds of having "foreign origin" and "disloyalty to the people and father land and to the political and social principles of the Revolution". In the same year, the mass deportation of Feyli Kurds began in Baghdad and more than 1.4 million[8] Feyli Kurds were deported to Iran, many having had their property and official papers confiscated. The deportees were not allowed to take with them anything apart from the clothes they were wearing when they were picked up from their homes, schools, government offices, workplaces, shops and military units. Male adults were randomly detained and sent to the various Iraqi prisons. It is estimated that around 25,000 Feyli Kurds died due to captivity and torture.[9][10][clarification needed]
Aftermath
editIn 2003, the UNCHR estimated that 65% of 20,000 refugees in Iran are Feyli Kurds who were forcefully deported during the genocide. Most refugees who returned to Iraqi had difficulties to apply for the citizenship.[11]
In 2006, the spokesman of Kurdistan Alliance, Muayad al-Tayeb, called on Iraqi and Kurdish parliaments to support Feyli refugees, stating that "Feyli Kurds have been subjected to persecution for three reasons, first because they are Kurds, second they are from the Shiite sect and third because they are patriotic people and joined the Kurdish and Iraqi national movement."[12]
In 2010, the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration reported that since 2003 about 100,000 Feylis have had their citizenship reinstated.[13] Although according to recent statistics from the Iraqi Minister of Immigration, between April 2003 and April 2013, only 16,580 Feyli Kurds had their nationality reinstated, out of an estimated population of at least 150,000 Feyli Kurds denaturalized during the Ba’ath era who applied to get their Iraqi citizenship back.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "From Crisis to Catastrophe: the situation of minorities in Iraq" (PDF): 5. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Iraqi Kurds Seek Recognition of Genocide by Saddam". Al-Monitor (in Hebrew). 8 March 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "جريمة إبادة الكرد الفيليين … والصمت الحكومي والتجاهل الرسمي عن إستذكار هذه الفاجعة الآليمة ! !" (in Arabic). 25 April 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "Faili kurds". 6 November 2017.
- ^ "Scars that won't heal: Iraq recognises Fayli Kurd persecution as 'genocide'". ekurd.net. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ Marsh, Robin. "International Recognition of the Kurdish Genocide - Concerning the Faili Kurds". www.uk.upf.org. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "GENOCIDE AGAINST THE KURDS IN IRAQ: IRAQ AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OVER TIME". uk.gov.krd. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/29042018
- ^ Jaffar Al-Faylee, Zaki (2010). Tareekh Al-Kurd Al-Faylyoon. Beirut. pp. 485, 499–501.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Al-Hakeem, Dr. Sahib (2003). Untold stories of more than 4000 women raped killed and tortured in Iraq, the country of mass graves. pp. 489–492.
- ^ Taneja, Preti. "Assimilation, Exodus, Eradication: Iraq's minority communities since 2003" (PDF): 15.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "33-Year Post Faili Kurds Genocide". ekurd.net. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "The Faili Kurds of Iraq: Thirty Years Without Nationality". ReliefWeb. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "Faili kurds". 6 November 2017.