Wikipedia

Schiller Institute

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The Schiller Institute is a German-based political and economic think tank founded in 1984 by Helga Zepp-LaRouche,[2] with stated members in 50 countries.[3] It is among the principal front organizations of the LaRouche movement.[4][5][6] The institute's stated aim is to apply the ideas of the poet and philosopher Friedrich Schiller to what it calls the "contemporary world crisis."[citation needed] The Independent describes it as "an extremist political think-tank linked to a right-wing conspiracy theorist, Lyndon LaRouche."[7] According to The Times, its aim is "to propagate [LaRouche's] increasingly wild anti-Semitic conspiracy theories."[2]

Schiller Institute
Established1984
Board of DirectorsHarley Schlanger, John Sigerson, Fred Huenefeld Jr., Theo Mitchell
BudgetRevenue: $37,617
Expenses: $80,175
(FYE December 2015)[1]
AddressPO BOX 20244
Washington, DC 20041-0244
Location
Washington, DC, United States
Websitewww.schillerinstitute.com

The website of the Schiller Institute includes transcripts of conferences that the institute has sponsored, throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, to promote the idea of what it calls "peace through development". The discussion at these conferences centers around LaRouche's proposals for infrastructure projects such as the "Eurasian Land Bridge", and the "Oasis Plan", a Middle East peace agreement based on Arab-Israeli collaboration on major water projects, as well as proposals for debt relief and a sweeping reorganization of the world monetary system. The Institute opposes the "Clash of Civilizations" thesis of Samuel Huntington, counter-posing what it calls a "Dialogue of Cultures". It supports the Belt and Road Initiative, which it says provides "shared mutually beneficial and balanced development".[citation needed]

It publishes quarterly magazines, such as Fidelio, a Journal of Poetry, Science, and Statecraft, and Ibykus, named after Schiller's poem "The Cranes of Ibykus."[8]

After the death of Jeremiah Duggan, a Jewish student, at one of its conferences in 2003, the Institute was accused of antisemitism and cult-like operation.[6]

Founding

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The institute was founded at a conference in Wiesbaden, Germany, in 1984 by Helga Zepp-LaRouche, the German-born wife of American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. Its stated aim is to seek to apply the ideas of poet, dramatist and philosopher Friedrich Schiller to the current global political situation. They emphasize Schiller's concept of the interdependence of classical artistic beauty and republican political freedom, as elaborated in his series of essays entitled Letters on the Aesthetical Education of Man.

On November 26, 1984, the institute released a "Declaration of the Inalienable Rights of Man," which it describes as "the basis of the Institute's work and efforts worldwide." It states in part:

We, therefore, Representatives of the Peoples of the World, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world, do ... solemnly publish and declare that all countries of the world are and of right ought to be free and independent States. That all human beings on this planet have inalienable rights, which guarantee them life, freedom, material conditions worthy of man, and the right to develop fully all potentialities of their intellect and their souls. That, therefore, a change in the present economic and monetary order is necessary and urgent to establish justice among the peoples of the world.

— Signators at Schiller Institute conference[9]
 
Helga Zepp-LaRouche

Zepp-LaRouche has explained the need for the Schiller Institute as follows:

We need a movement that can finally free Germany from the control of the Versailles and Yalta treaties, which have tossed us from one catastrophe to another for an entire century.

— Helga Zepp-LaRouche.[10][dead link‍]

Among the past and present members of the institute's board of directors are Helga Zepp-LaRouche, Webster Tarpley,[11] Civil rights leader Amelia Boynton Robinson, former South Carolina State Assemblyman Theo Mitchell, classical singer William Warfield, former Guyanese Foreign Minister Frederick Wills, physicist Winston H. Bostick, and former Borough President of Manhattan Hulan Jack.[12][13] Among the founding members of the institute were Hulan Jack and French Resistance leader Marie-Madeleine Fourcade.[14]

Political activity

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The Institute's constitution, adopted in 1984, opposes international financial institutions and other supranational bodies for causing a state of tyranny in the world, especially amongst developing nations.[15][non-primary source needed]

The Institute website includes transcripts of conferences that the institute has sponsored worldwide to promote the idea of what it calls "peace through development".[16] The discussion at these conferences has generally centered around LaRouche's proposals for infrastructure projects such as the "Eurasian Land Bridge", and the "Oasis Plan", a Middle East peace agreement based on Arab-Israeli collaboration on major water projects. The conferences also typically discuss proposals for debt relief and the "New Bretton Woods," a proposal for a sweeping reorganization of the world monetary system (see Political views of Lyndon LaRouche). The Institute strongly opposes the "Clash of Civilizations" thesis of Samuel Huntington, counterposing what it calls a "Dialogue of Cultures".[citation needed]

According to the LaRouche movement's Executive Intelligence Review, LaRouche formed a group called the "Committee to Save the Presidency" to fight the international financiers who he said were behind an attempted coup against President Bill Clinton.[17] Schiller Institute collected petition signatures defending Clinton, and picketed the U.S. Capitol in 1999 with signs that said "Save the Presidency! Jail Kenneth 'Porno' Starr".[18] A Schiller Institute spokesperson said "This is a coup to overthrow the United States government and disenfranchise the American electorate".[19]

The Institute proposed for a national Maglev train system in Denmark in 2007.[20] In the 2007 Danish elections there were four candidates for parliament affiliated with the Institute. They received 197 votes nationwide (while at least 32,000 are needed for a local mandate). The candidates garnered press coverage, including an interview with Tom Gillesberg in Berlingske Tidende, which discussed the slogan of the LaRouche slate, "After the financial crash, Maglev over Kattegat.".[21]

In March 2009, the Danish branch of the institute distributed flyers at a climate change conference in Copenhagen which asserted that "British Climate lies will lead to Genocide", stating that the Bush administration had been a puppet of the British Empire, that "solar activity, not human activity, is the main factor in the Earth's changing climate," and that "massive investment in windmills and solar panels" to combat climate change would create genocide by raising the price of food.[22][23]

In 2016, speakers at its conference in Australia included UK Labour Party MPs Jeremy Corbyn and Michael Meacher and UK Conservative Party activist Robert Oulds. Corbyn spoke on “the dangers embodied in NATO’s eastward expansion, the hideous aftermath of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, and the impact of Britain’s al-Yamamah arms deal with Saudi Arabia for the money flows in the Middle East, including those connected with terrorism”.[24]

The Institute supports for Donald Trump, who they said in 2019 was being ousted in a "seditious coup".[25] It supports Chinese leader Xi Jinping.[citation needed]

Cultural activity

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It held a conference on Saint Augustine in Rome in 1985. Its Labor Day conference in Reston, Virginia, 1986, featured a performance of Mozart's Requiem at C.[16] In 1990 it held a conference on infrastructure in Berlin.[16] In 1993 its Khartoum conference on religions was sponsored by the government of Sudan.[16] In 1997, a conference in Manila featured Jozef Mikloško, president of the Slovakian branch of the Schiller Institute and former vice premier of Czechoslovakia.[16] In 2000, it held a Memorial seminar for Russian Schiller Institute leader Taras V. Muranivsky in Moscow, Russia.[16]

Fidelio

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The institute has published its quarterly magazine, Fidelio, since 1992, described as a "Journal of Poetry, Science, and Statecraft." It was co-founded and edited by Kenneth Kronberg.[26][27] The magazine is named after Ludwig van Beethoven's opera, Fidelio, which tells the story of a political prisoner who is freed by the courage of his wife. At the time the magazine was founded, Lyndon LaRouche was still in prison.

Its issues have included articles on Homer, Henry VII, Benjamin Franklin, Gottfried Leibniz, the Vier ernste Gesänge of Johannes Brahms, Vice President Dick Cheney, Paul Kreingold's “I.L. Peretz, Father of the Yiddish Renaissance”, and reviews of books, art exhibits, and musical, and dramatic performances.

Verdi tuning

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Main article: Scientific pitch

In 1988, the institute initiated a campaign to establish "philosophical pitch" or "scientific pitch" as the classical music concert pitch standard.[28] This tuning system is based on middle C set at 256 Hz, making concert A 430.539 Hz rather than the most commonly used 440 Hz. The Schiller Institute calls this system "Verdi tuning" because it was Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi who first sought to stop the increase in pitch to which orchestras are tuned.[29] However, Verdi used the French standard 435 Hz in writing his Requiem in 1874; later he indicated that 432 Hz was slightly more optimal.[30] It is this A=432 Hz standard that the Schiller Institute advocates, which aligns mathematically with their stated preference for C=256 Hz[31] as long as Pythagorean tuning is used (in equal temperament or just intonation, A would be 430.541 Hz or 426.667 Hz, respectively).[32] French acoustic physicist Joseph Sauveur first researched then proposed the philosophical pitch standard in 1713, more than a century before Verdi began leading orchestras. Sauveur was strongly resisted by the musicians he was working with, and the proposed standard was not adopted.[33]

In 1999, the institute circulated a petition calling for the establishment of a permanent orchestra in Verdi's childhood home in Busseto, Italy, employing the special tuning in order to mark the composer's centennial.[34]

The tuning initiative is opposed by Stefan Zucker. According to Zucker, the Institute offered a bill in Italy to impose the Verdi tuning on state-sponsored musicians that included provisions for fines and confiscation of non-Verdi tuning forks. Zucker has written that he believes the claims about the Verdi tuning are historically inaccurate. Institute followers are reported by Tim Page of Newsday to have stood outside concert halls with petitions to ban the music of Vivaldi and even to have disrupted a concert conducted by Leonard Slatkin in order to pass out pamphlets titled "Leonard Slatkin Serves Satan."[35]

Other music initiatives

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In 1992, the institute published A Manual on the Rudiments of Tuning and Registration: Book I: Introduction and Human Singing Voice, which discusses the tuning issue from the artistic and the scientific point of view. The Institute asserts the Bel Canto method of singing is "one of the best examples of mankind's ability to discover an existing physical principle, and to use that discovery to create new works of science and art, which then increase humanity's power to build civilization." They also assert that composers such as J.S. Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Giuseppe Verdi all wrote with the distinct vocal registers of the Bel Canto system in mind, and that their compositions intentionally exploit the different tone colors that these registers produce.[36]

In 2010, 25 LaRouche supporters protesting a new production of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen presented by the Los Angeles Opera carried signs that said, "Wagner: Loved by Nazis, Rejected by Humans" and "L.A. County: $14 Million to promote Nazi Wagner, Layoffs for Music Teachers". They distributed flyers from the Schiller Institute which asked "Does Los Angeles County have nothing better to do ... than bail out L.A. Opera, so that it can celebrate the monstrous sexual fantasies, and the cult of violence, of that vile anti-Semite, Wagner?"[37]

The Schiller Institute presented a performance of Mozart's Requiem at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston, on January 19, 2014, the 50th anniversary of the performance of Mozart's Requiem and pontifical mass for John F. Kennedy which was held at the Cathedral. Remarks were made by Ambassador Ray Flynn, and a letter was read from Irish President Michael D. Higgins. Recordings of speeches by President Kennedy were also featured.[38]

Drama and poetry

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The institute has published a four-volume series of English translations of the works of Friedrich Schiller, entitled Poet of Freedom, as well as some translations into other languages.[citation needed]

Ties to the LaRouche movement

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Main article: LaRouche movement

The Schiller Institute is closely tied to Lyndon LaRouche. The institute's website states that "[i]t is his work and his ideas, [which] inspired the creation of the international Schiller Institute, as well as his intellectual and moral leadership that continue to set the standard for the policies and activity of the movement."[39] LaRouche's writings are featured prominently in Schiller Institute communications.[7] Before his death in 2019, LaRouche was the keynote speaker at most of the Schiller Institute's conferences.[citation needed]

Criticism and controversies

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Death of Jeremiah Duggan

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Main article: Death of Jeremiah Duggan

In 2003, Jeremiah Duggan, a student who had been attending a Schiller Institute conference in Germany, died. Duggan had been attending a Schiller Institute conference and LaRouche Youth Movement cadre school in Wiesbaden, Germany, at which Lyndon LaRouche spoke.[7] Duggan died after running onto a busy road. The German police investigation found that he had committed suicide.[40] A British inquest rejected that verdict after hearing testimony about the nature of the Schiller Institute.[41][42][43]

Allegations of antisemitism

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Following Duggan's death, the Schiller Institute was accused of spreading antisemitic conspiracy theories. According to Duggan's mother,

In Jerry's notes on the five days he spent there, Mrs Duggan discovered that her son had become aware of the anti-Semitic agenda of many LaRouche followers and had spoken out against them. "There were a lot of comments blaming the Jews for Iraq and he got up to say that he was Jewish and he didn't support the war," she said. "Whatever happened it's clear he fell out with these people very quickly."[7]

According to The Times, "Seminar participants were told that the war had been concocted by a tightly knit group of Jewish bankers with immense political influence over the US Administration."[2] An internal London Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard) letter, obtained by the BBC's Newsnight during a British investigation into the death says: "The Schiller Institute and the LaRouche Youth Movement... blames the Jewish people for the Iraq war and all the other problems in the world. Jeremiah's lecture notes and bulletins showed the antisemitic nature of [the] ideology."[44]

In an interview with Newsnight, Chip Berlet of Political Research Associates, an American research group that tracks right-wing movements, said:

The antisemitism at a meeting of the Schiller Institute would not be obvious at first. You would have to listen over time to a... set of patterns, and you would begin to hear the echoes of the classic antisemitic conspiracy theories, in the way that Israel is talked about, in the way that Jews are talked about, in the way that the idea is put forward that the wars of America are somehow manipulated by Jewish lobbies and Israeli interests, and this really is an echo of the old classic antisemitic conspiracy theories. It's not that every criticism of Israel or American-Jewish lobby groups is antisemitic, but over time this pattern emerges."[44]

The German newspaper Berliner Zeitung also categorizes the Schiller Institute as antisemitic.[45]

The Schiller Institute issued a statement in response to the controversy, calling it "a politically motivated smear job" based on "conspiracy theories," and alleged that the Institute was being targeted because of its opposition to the Iraq War.[46]

A 2008 academic publication by Matthew Feldman, a researcher on the far right, described the "role of the Schiller Institute in disseminating ‘revisionism’, essentially coded anti-Semitic Holocaust denial, incitement to racial hatred, and radical right propaganda more broadly."[6]

Cult allegations

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Following the 2003 death of Duggan, cult allegations were made.[47][48][49][50][51] According to the Berliner Zeitung, the LaRouche movement in Germany, operating as the Schiller Institute, LaRouche Youth Movement, Europäische Arbeiterpartei and Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität (BüSo), had around 300 followers in 2007, and "next to Scientology, [was] the cult soliciting most aggressively in German streets at [that] time."[49]

The BBC's Newsnight has said the institute places members under "psychological duress," during "so-called psycho sessions."[44] Aglaja Beyes Corleis, a member of the Schiller Institute for 16 years, who left in the early 1990s and wrote a book about the Institute,[52] told the BBC:

When I speak with family members how I was then at that time, [they] tell me 'You were like from a different planet.' ... People tend to be drawn into it who did not want to be drawn into it, who did not want to join a cult or a sect or something like that ... I was freaked out and I experienced that other people freaked out. I saw other people who, members who, got out of their mind ... Sometimes Jewish members were put under special pressure. For instance, at a public meeting, the person was picked out and publicly attacked – 'your mother visited Israel'."[44]

On November 6, 2003, a British inquest heard allegations that the Schiller Institute is a "political cult with sinister and dangerous connections."[50][51] which may have used controversial recruitment techniques on Duggan.[53]

Death of Kenneth Kronberg

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Main article: Kenneth Kronberg

Kenneth Kronberg, co-founder and editor of the Schiller Institute's magazine, Fidelio, and the president of a LaRouche movement printing business, committed suicide in April 2007.[27] According to Nicholas F. Benton, a former member of the LaRouche movement, Kronberg killed himself on the day that a so-called "morning briefing" (published daily by the LaRouche movement) heavily criticized Kronberg's printing business.[54] Kronberg's printing business was also reported to be in financial trouble, the Washington Monthly described the companies finances as being "in perilous shape. Various LaRouche organizations owed Kronberg hundreds of thousands of dollars. When the IRS and Virginia tax authorities came calling over withholding payments, Ken knew he was in serious trouble."[55]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

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During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Schiller Institute held an international discussion which concluded that "the confrontation with Russia is detrimental to Germany and the EU". The Ukrainian government Center for Countering Disinformation said the conclusion was "an attempt by Russia to impose their point of view on the world".[56]

"Zepp-LaRouche often resorts to distorting facts from history."[57]

Notes

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  1. ^ "Schiller Institute, Inc" (PDF). Foundation Center. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Roger Boyes, "Blame the Jews" The Times Friday November 07 2003, 12.00am GMT archive links: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/blame-the-jews-scr5svbhz0q https://archive.today/20210729100356/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/blame-the-jews-scr5svbhz0q
  3. ^ "Learn About the Schiller Institute- Join Today and Receive FIDELIO Magazine". Schiller Institute. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  4. ^ Smith, Timothy R. (13 February 2019). "Lyndon LaRouche Jr., conspiracy theorist who ran for president again and again, dies at 96". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  5. ^ Osipovich, Alexander (23 July 2020). "Berlin forum eyes LaRouche 'dangers'". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Matthew Feldman (27 March 2003). "Lyndon Larouche, neo-fascism, coded anti-Semitism, and the Jeremiah Duggan Case www.HolocaustResearchProject.org". holocaustresearchproject.org. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d Taylor, Jerome (27 February 2010). "Mystery of dead Briton and the right-wing cult". The Independent. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Homepage des Ibykus" (in German). Solidaritaet.com. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  9. ^ The Inalienable Rights of Man Schiller Institute
  10. ^ "Idgr.de - de beste bron van informatie over id gr. Deze website is te koop!". Lexikon.idgr.de. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  11. ^ "State Dept. Official's Speech Is Interrupted by a Rightist". The New York Times. May 29, 1985.
  12. ^ Gilbert, Helen (2003). Lyndon LaRouche. Red Letter Press. ISBN 0-932323-21-9.
  13. ^ "Schiller Institute Board of Directors". www.schillerinstitute.org.
  14. ^ "Schiller Institute Marie Madelaine Fourcade and Hulan Jack". www.schillerinstitute.org.
  15. ^ "The Inalienable Rights of Man | The Schiller Institute". schillerinstitute.com. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "Conferences - Partial List 1984 to Present". Schiller Institute. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  17. ^ Freeman 2004
  18. ^ Williams, Dave (January 7, 1999). "GRAHAM TO PRESENT 2 ARTICLES;". The Augusta Chronicle. Augusta, Ga. p. A.01.
  19. ^ Foskett, Ken (December 16, 1998). "The Impeachment Debate Democratic core rallies round the president Mobilizing: Labor, feminist heavyweights push --- but as yet fail to move --- GOP leadership". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A.20.
  20. ^ "Indland Jyllands-Posten". www.jp.dk. Archived from the original on March 28, 2007.
  21. ^ Jonas Schrøder Tirsdag (2007-11-30). "Hvad har du gang i, Tom Gillesberg? - Valg". Berlingske.dk. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  22. ^ "British Climate Lies will lead to Genocide" (PDF), Statement by Tom Gillesberg, chairman of The Schiller Institute in Denmark, March 10, 2009
  23. ^ "Climate Change Congress: Is it all a British plot?" Liz Kalaugher, environmentalresearchweb blog, March 10, 2009
  24. ^ "Jeremy Corbyn addressed LaRouche front organisation". The Jewish Chronicle. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  25. ^ "Webcast—Treason Exposed: Will You Join Us to Defeat this Seditious Coup? | The Schiller Institute". schillerinstitute.com. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  26. ^ Fidelio Magazine masthead Accessed May 4, 2007
  27. ^ a b "Kenneth L. Kronberg Sterling Businessman", The Washington Post, May 1, 2007.
  28. ^ Johnston, Ian (2009). Measured Tones: The Interplay of Physics and Music, Second Edition (3 ed.). CRC Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-1420093476.
  29. ^ Letter from Verdi to Giulio Ricordi, Verdi's Aida, Giuseppe Verdi, Hans Busch
  30. ^ Rosen, David (September 14, 1995). "Verdi: Requiem". Cambridge University Press – via Google Books.
  31. ^ "The Science of Music". www.schillerinstitute.org.
  32. ^ Renold, Maria. Intervals, Scales, Tones and the Concert Pitch c=128Hz. Temple Lodge Publishing, 2004. p.80.
  33. ^ Haynes, Bruce (2002). A History of Performing Pitch: The Story of 'A'. Scarecrow Press. p. 224. ISBN 1461664152.
  34. ^ "Verdi tuning project". Archived from the original on 2003-06-21.
  35. ^ "Opera Fanatic Magazine". Bel Canto Society. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  36. ^ "Schiller Institute -Music Chart of Human Vocal Registers". www.schillerinstitute.org.
  37. ^ Ng, David (May 31, 2010). "Protesters greet start of 'Ring'; Lyndon LaRouche supporters decry the production; inside, responses are mixed". Los Angeles Times. p. D.4.
  38. ^ Eiseman, Lee, "JFK Remembered in Musical Tribute," The Boston Musical Intelligencer, January 20, 2014
  39. ^ Meet Lyndon LaRouche Schiller Institute
  40. ^ Degen, Wolfgang, "Nur die Legende hat ein langes Leben" Archived March 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Wiesbadener Kurier, April 19, 2007.
  41. ^ Townsend, Mark & Doward, Jamie. "New evidence shows 'suicide' student was beaten to death", The Observer, March 25, 2007.
  42. ^ Muir, Hugh. "British student did not commit suicide, says coroner", The Guardian, November 5, 2003.
  43. ^ Youle, Emma (30 May 2015). "Shadowy world of LaRouche: The far-right cult that hides behind veil of 'left-wing political movement'". Ham & High. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  44. ^ a b c d Samuels, Tim. "Jeremiah Duggan's death and Lyndon LaRouche," Newsnight, 12 February 2004.
  45. ^ "Tod auf der Straße". Berliner Zeitung (in German). Berlineonline.de. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2014. Article title in English is "Death on the Streets".
  46. ^ British Press and Officials Caught Lying in Duggan Affair, Schiller Institute, September 2007
  47. ^ Townsend, Mark & Doward, Jammie. "New evidence shows 'suicide' student was beaten to death", The Observer, March 25, 2007.
  48. ^ Minz, John. "Ideological Odyssey: From Old Left to Far Right", The Washington Post, January 14, 1985.
  49. ^ a b Nordhausen, Frank. "Ermittlungen einer Mutter" ("A Mother's Investigations"), Berliner Zeitung, April 4, 2007, page 3.
  50. ^ a b Townsend, Mark. "The student, the shadowy cult and a mother's fight for justice", The Observer, October 31, 2004.
  51. ^ a b British Inquest: Coroner's Court transcript Archived 2006-09-05 at the Wayback Machine, Justice for Jeremiah website, undated, retrieved March 26, 2007.
  52. ^ Beyes-Corleis, Aglaja. Verirrt: Mein Leben in einer radikalen Politorganisation (Lost: My life in a radical political organization). Herder/Spektrum, 1994. ISBN 3-451-04278-9
  53. ^ Witt, April. "No Joke", The Washington Post, October 24, 2004.
  54. ^ Nicholas F. Benton. Rt. 28 Suicide Jumper Was Long-Time Associate of LaRouche, Falls Church News-Press, April 19, 2007.
  55. ^ Avi Klein. "Publish and Perish: The Mysterious Death of Lyndon LaRouche's Printer" Washington Monthly, November 2007. Archived 7 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^ KIZILOVA, SVITLANA. "The National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine identifies promoters of Russian narratives in the West". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  57. ^ VoxCheck Team (24 November 2023). "Zepp-LaRouche often resorts to distorting facts from history". Vox Ukraine. Retrieved 2024-04-06.

Further reading

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