![File:Blueberry muffins - ND0 3639 (8694455448).jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Blueberry_muffins_-_ND0_3639_%288694455448%29.jpg/800px-Blueberry_muffins_-_ND0_3639_%288694455448%29.jpg)
Original file (5,184 × 3,456 pixels, file size: 3.2 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
![]() | This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help. |
Summary
DescriptionBlueberry muffins - ND0 3639 (8694455448).jpg |
American style muffins are 'quick breads' made in individual molds. Quick breads (chemically leavened as opposed to yeast leavened) were not developed until the end of the 18th century. This took place in America, where pearlash was discovered. Pearlash is a refined form of potash, and it produces carbon dioxide gas in dough. In 'American Cookery' (1796 - the first American cook book) Amelia Simmons published recipes using pearlash, and we exported some 8,000 tons to Europe in 1792. Baking powder was not developed commercially until 1857 (phosphate baking powder). Quick bread muffins really need to be baked in molds because they are made with a batter rather than a dough. Which came first, cupcake 'cups' or muffin pans? The term 'cupcake' is first mentioned in E. Leslie's 'Receipts' of 1828. So, what it really comes down to is who invented the muffin pan, or who used cupcake molds first to make quick bread muffins? It would seem that the history of the quick bread muffin and the cupcake are intertwined. www.foodreference.com/html/artmuffinhistory.html |
Date | |
Source | Blueberry muffins - ND0_3639 |
Author | N i c o l a from Fiumicino (Rome), Italy |
Licensing
![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
![]() |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Nicola since 1972 at https://flickr.com/photos/15216811@N06/8694455448. It was reviewed on 20 December 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
20 December 2016
Captions
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
some value
11 October 2012
image/jpeg
4331ed47a9121f8a08ec476ea89d9df261f0cf3a
3,356,395 byte
3,456 pixel
5,184 pixel
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 21:24, 20 December 2016 | ![]() | 5,184 × 3,456 (3.2 MB) | Tm | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
File usage
Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon EOS 7D |
Author | Nicola Delfino |
Copyright holder |
|
Exposure time | 1/200 sec (0.005) |
F-number | f/4 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 22:01, 11 October 2012 |
Lens focal length | 30 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.4 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 00:18, 30 April 2013 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 22:01, 11 October 2012 |
Shutter speed | 7.643856 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Partial |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,715.545755237 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Serial number of camera | 1680918303 |
Lens used | EF24-70mm f/2.8L USM |
Date metadata was last modified | 02:18, 30 April 2013 |
Unique ID of original document | 6186EDA365EDC04774E735B1713D9159 |
Keywords |
|
IIM version | 4 |