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File:Citole, rosette (ca. 1180) by Benedetto Antelami, Parma.jpg

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Summary

Description

photograph of medieval artwork: citole

References
Date circa 1180
date QS:P,+1180-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902
Source

Baptistery of Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

(http://www.thecipher.com/viola_da_gamba_cipher-2.html)
Author Benedetto Antelami (c. 1150 – c. 1230) from Province of Como, Italy
Other versions
  • Hypothesis: evolution from cithara to citole        
  • A hypothesis of the transition from cithara into necked string instruments (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, p. 704)
    A hypothesis of the transition from cithara into necked string instruments (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, p. 704)
  • Lira d'egipte - Museu de la Mediterrània de Torroella de Montgrí (56)
    Lira d'egipte - Museu de la Mediterrània de Torroella de Montgrí (56)
  • Cithara/lyra, Bible of Charles the Bald (9th century)[1][2]
    Cithara/lyra, Bible of Charles the Bald (9th century)[1][2]
  • Cithara/lyre without arms, Utrecht Psalter, Psalm 43 (9th century)[1][2]
    Cithara/lyre without arms, Utrecht Psalter, Psalm 43 (9th century)[1][2]
  • Plucked string instrument, Carolingian Psalter, 108r part (820–830)[2]
    Plucked string instrument, Carolingian Psalter, 108r part (820–830)[2]
  • 4-string plucked instrument with small wings on body, by Benedetto Antelami (c.1180), Baptistery of Parma, Italy[1][2]
    4-string plucked instrument with small wings on body, by Benedetto Antelami (c.1180), Baptistery of Parma, Italy[1][2]
  • 4-string plucked instruments with "holly leaf shape" body (left, Guitarras Latina), Cantigas da Santa Maria (13th century), Spain[1][2]
    4-string plucked instruments with "holly leaf shape" body (left, Guitarras Latina), Cantigas da Santa Maria (13th century), Spain[1][2]
  • Citole, “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
    Citole, “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
  • Citole (ca.1300). Note: this individual instrument have been converted into violin in the 16th century.
    Citole (ca.1300). Note: this individual instrument have been converted into violin in the 16th century.
  • Citole (modern reproduction)
    Citole (modern reproduction)
References of gallery
  1. ↑ a b c d e Butler, Paul. The Citole Project. Historical Instruments, Paul Butler Díverse Arts.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Blumberg, Roger Edward (2002). The Cipher for Viola da Gamba and Lute, Page 2. TheCipher.com.

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