Detail_of_obverse_of_Papal_bulla_of_Pope_Boniface_IX_(FindID_94967).jpg (567 × 530 pixels, file size: 313 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
Detail of obverse of Papal bulla of Pope Boniface IX | |||
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Photographer |
Birmingham Museums Trust, Peter Reavill, 2005-05-09 11:55:26 |
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Title |
Detail of obverse of Papal bulla of Pope Boniface IX |
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Description |
English: An incomplete and damaged cast lead or lead alloy circular papal bulla of Pope Boniface IX (VIIII) dating from the medieval period November 1389 - October 1404. The bulla measures 33.6mm length, 35.8mm width and is 5.4mm thick. It weighs 36.99 grams. The front (recta) side of the bulla depicts the faces of Saints Peter and Paul with a cross between them. Over the images appears the abbreviation of St Paul and St Peter 'SPA SPE'. St. Paul is depicted with a long beard and a balding scalp with little hair, and St Peter has a crimped beard with curly hair formed from small sub oval pellets. Both heads are enclosed within a border of pellets (or pearls). The cross between the two heads is only partially visible due to a significant area of damage. This damage has probably been caused by the removal of the cord which attached the bulla to the document. It has left a sub-rectangular tear in the front and rear face of the seal. The reverse (verso) side of the bulla shows the name of the Pope, which is written in the nominative, with his abbreviated title (PP: Pastor Pastorum - Shepard of the Shepards) and ordinal number (VIIII). This is distributed over three lines: BONI / FIATIUS: / P P: VIIII. The F and I are ligatured. Both faces of the bullae are encircled with a border formed from a ring of pellets or 'pearls'.The papal bulla is a mid grey cream colour with an even and well formed patina which covers all surfaces. There are several small chips in the patina which have exposed the grey metal beneath. This damage is likely to have been due to movement in the plough soil. The two areas of damage around the attachment cord are covered by the same grey cream patina suggesting that this damage occurred in antiquity. The front face of the bulla is well worn, and although the detail can be seen, much of the crisp detail has been lost. In comparison the rear is in much better condition and the inscription is very crisp and the lettering is raised and relatively unworn. Papal Bullae act as a formal seal of office used by the Popes to stamp and authenticate documents produced by the curia in either Rome or in this period by the Anti-Popes in Avignon. Pope Boniface IX was elected Pope on 2nd November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; he died in Rome on 1st October, 1404. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Powys | ||
Date |
between 1389 and 1404 date QS:P571,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P1319,+1389-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1404-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 |
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Accession number |
FindID: 94967 Old ref: HESH-F307A6 Filename: HESH-F307A6 obv.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/60958 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/60958/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/94967 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License |
Licensing
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Attribution: The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 09:03, 3 February 2017 | ![]() | 567 × 530 (313 KB) | Fæ | Portable Antiquities Scheme, HESH, FindID: 94967, medieval, page 2942, batch direction-asc count 33014 |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
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Camera model | E4500 |
Exposure time | 10/121 sec (0.082644628099174) |
F-number | f/4.2 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 18:27, 8 May 2005 |
Lens focal length | 22.9 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | E4500v1.2 |
File change date and time | 18:27, 8 May 2005 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 18:27, 8 May 2005 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.8 APEX (f/2.64) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 110 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |